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The big single-core gains on Geekbench could be fueled by newly added support for Scalable Matrix Extensions (SME) — some of the subtests, like object detection and image blurring, see massive gains (~200% for object detection). Support would imply that Apple is using an ARMv9 architecture, but this isn't yet confirmed. In either case, SME would give a strong boost to some of the tests that form Geekbench’s CPU suite, bumping up the overall single-core score. However, Geekbench 6 only recently introduced support for SME with version 6.3, and Intel's competing AMX isn't supported. That's largely because matrix workloads are a better fit for other forms of compute, like the NPU or GPU, than the CPU cores. As such, it isn't clear how much real-world benefit SME would deliver if run on the CPU cores, if any, in daily usage.
The remainder of the benchmark score indicates a roughly 3% increase in performance over the prior gen M3, but we'll have to wait for more detailed testing to determine if those are the result of IPC improvements or merely from frequency increases and/or cache clock changes.