https://www.jstor.org/stable/4535147?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
The social organization of wolves is characterised by strong pairbond associations. Groups may consist of a mating couple and their remaining offspring or of an association of potentially reproductive adults. When a pack consists of several adults, intrasexual mating competition and intersexual partner preference are expected to play an important role in the establishment of sexual relationships. Data from the wild show that as a rule
only one female in a pack gives birth.
Female suppression is assumed to prevent the other pack members from breeding
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