西元244年2月將結束時,有九名士兵闖入葛爾迪亞努士三世的帳篷。據說這九名士兵已受到禁衛軍團長官阿拉伯人菲力普收買,禁衛軍團長官菲力普隨即向羅馬元老院報告說皇帝因病逝世。
西元244年2月將結束時,有九名士兵闖入葛爾迪亞努士三世的帳篷。據說這九名士兵已受到禁衛軍團長官阿拉伯人菲力普收買,禁衛軍團長官菲力普隨即向羅馬元老院報告說皇帝因病逝世。
嗰九個士兵入去做咩?
西元244年2月將結束時,有九名士兵闖入葛爾迪亞努士三世的帳篷。據說這九名士兵已受到禁衛軍團長官阿拉伯人菲力普收買,禁衛軍團長官菲力普隨即向羅馬元老院報告說皇帝因病逝世。
嗰九個士兵入去做咩?
西元244年2月將結束時,有九名士兵闖入葛爾迪亞努士三世的帳篷。據說這九名士兵已受到禁衛軍團長官阿拉伯人菲力普收買,禁衛軍團長官菲力普隨即向羅馬元老院報告說皇帝因病逝世。
嗰九個士兵入去做咩?
去提你出埋比利時嘅文
西元244年2月將結束時,有九名士兵闖入葛爾迪亞努士三世的帳篷。據說這九名士兵已受到禁衛軍團長官阿拉伯人菲力普收買,禁衛軍團長官菲力普隨即向羅馬元老院報告說皇帝因病逝世。
嗰九個士兵入去做咩?
刺殺皇帝
末代皇帝留名
In the general calamities of mankind the death of an individual, however exalted, the ruin of an edifice, however famous, are passed over with careless inattention. Yet we cannot forget that the temple of Diana at Ephesus, after having risen with increasing splendour from seven repeated misfortunes, was finally burnt by the Goths in their third naval invasion.
在人類的一般災難中,不論一個多麼高大的人物死去了,或不論多麼宏偉的一棟建築倒塌了,不久後人們都會毫不經意地淡忘了。但我們對在經過七次破壞而每次的修復都顯得比原來更為富麗堂皇的災難之後,最後終於被第三次由海上入侵的哥特人燒個精光的以弗所的狄安娜神廟卻難以忘懷。
The temple of Diana was, however, admired as one of the wonders of the world. Successive empires, the Persian, the Macedonian, and the Roman, had revered its sanctity and enriched its splendour. But the rude savages of the Baltic were destitute of a taste for the elegant arts, and they despised the ideal terrors of a foreign superstition.
狄安娜廟卻一直被人們視為人間奇跡而加以讚美。波斯、馬其頓以及羅馬等等一代一代帝國都莫不視之為神聖並盡力增加它的光采。但波羅的海的無知的野蠻人卻完全沒有欣賞優美藝術的情趣,他們厭惡一種外國迷信帶來的精神上的恐懼。
Another circumstance is related of these invasions which might deserve our notice, were it not justly to be suspected as the fanciful conceit of a recent sophist. We are told that in the sack of Athens the Goths had collected all the libraries, and were on the point of setting fire to this funeral pile of Grecian learning, had not one of their chiefs, of more refined policy than his brethren, dissuaded them from the design; by the profound observation that as long as the Greeks were addicted to the study of books, they could never apply themselves to the exercise of arms. The sagacious counsellor (should the truth of the fact be admitted) reasoned like an ignorant barbarian. In the most polite and powerful nations, genius of every kind has displayed itself about the same period; and the age of science has generally been the age of military virtue and success.
另一個和這幾次的入侵有關的情況,也許很值得我們注意,但只是我們完全有理由懷疑,那可能只是一位近代學者的幻想。他告訴我們,在哥特人洗劫雅典城的時候,他們已把所有的圖書都集中起來,要不是他們的一個比他的弟兄們更懂得策略的首領,用幾句頗有深意的話打消了他們原來的計畫,他們定會一把火把希臘的全部學問從此給消滅盡淨了,他說,讓希臘人去迷戀他們的書本吧,這樣他們就會無心學習武功了。這位明智的首領(如果這件事真的可信的話)完全採用了無知的野蠻人的邏輯。差不多在這同一時期,在一些更為文明、更為強大的民族中,各種各樣的天才都曾顯露頭角;而科學的時代一般總同時是軍事進步和軍功顯赫的時代。
The licentious murmurs of the legions soon accused Valerian as the cause of their calamities; their seditious clamours demanded an instant capitulation. An immense sum of gold was offered to purchase the permission of a disgraceful retreat. But the Persian, conscious of his superiority, refused the money with disdain; and detaining the deputies, advanced in order of battle to the foot of the Roman rampart, and insisted on a personal conference with the emperor. Valerian vas reduced to the necessity of intrusting his life and dignity to the faith of an enemy. The interview ended as it was natural to expect. The emperor was made a prisoner, and his astonished troops laid down their arms. In such a moment of triumph, the pride and policy of Sapor prompted him to fill the vacant throne with a successor entirely dependent on his pleasure. Cyriades, an obscure fugitive of Antioch, stained with every vice, was chosen to dishonour the Roman purple; and the will of the Persian victor could not fail of being ratified by the acclamations, however reluctant, of the captive army.
羅馬軍團內的放縱的抱怨聲很快變成了對瓦勒裡安的控訴,認為瓦勒良是他們的一切災難的根源;他們發出叛亂的呼聲,要求立即投降。曾企圖用大量黃金買得一條敗走的退路。但波斯人由於穩操勝券輕蔑地拒絕了那筆錢;他們扣住使臣,列陣來到羅馬的防護工事前,堅持要和羅馬皇帝面談一切。瓦勒良這時已完全處於只能把自己的生命和威嚴交給敵人去處理的地步。會談的結果自然全在意料之中。皇帝作了俘虜,他的驚惶失措的軍隊全放下了武器。 在這個大獲全勝的時刻,沙普爾的傲慢心情和策略需要促使他選定了一個完全任他玩於股掌之上的繼承人登上了空出的皇位。一個來自安條克的罪行累累的逃兵基裡阿得斯被選定來玷污羅馬的皇座;而這波斯勝利者的意旨,不管如何荒唐,也不可能不得到這支被俘虜的軍隊的公開認可。