As depicted by the above diagram, sample space is given by S, and there are two events A and B. In a situation where event B has already occurred, then our sample space S naturally gets reduced to B because now the chances of occurrence of an event will lie inside B.
As we have to figure out the chances of occurrence of event A, only a portion common to both A and B is enough to represent the probability of occurrence of A, when B has already occurred. The common portion of the events is depicted by the intersection of both the events A and B, i.e. A ∩ B.
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