其實只係定義問題,搞清咗定義,其實好多討論都好無謂
1. Price competition & non-price competition:
Shortage = demand > supply
所以呢度嘅competition係指buyers用咩方法競爭,所以唔關商家點競爭、點分配資源事。
2. Shortage
Shortage包唔包括短暫demand>supply,然後用price變返equalibrium?
以下取自Wiki:
In a perfect market, an excess of demand will prompt sellers to increase prices until demand at that price matches the available supply, establishing market equilibrium.
In perfect market, 雙方會以調節price達至equalibrium。
In economic terminology, a shortage occurs when for some reason (such as government intervention, or decisions by sellers not to raise prices) the price does not rise to reach equilibrium. In this circumstance, buyers want to purchase more at the market price than the quantity of the good or service that is available, and some non-price mechanism (such as "first come, first served" or a lottery) determines which buyers are served. So in a perfect market the only thing that can cause a shortage is price.
睇完呢段會清楚哂。Price出現問題無得競爭(有錢唔係大哂)先至會導致Shortage,所以呢個定義下:
Price competition failed -> shortage -> non-price competition
And of course有scarsity先有competition先有shortage
所以唔駛理會短暫定長遠,淨係睇定義已經冇得揀,(1) & (3)。
利申:冇讀過Econ