(i)
'In spite of + noun' means more or less the same as 'although + clause':
We went out in spite of the rain.
(= We went out although it was raining)
We understood him in spite of his accent.
(= We understood him although he had a strong accent.)
(ii)
'In spite of' is the opposite of 'because of'. Compare:
'She passed her exams in spite of her teacher.'
(she had a bad teacher)
(The meaning of the sentence is that the girl passed her exam although she had a bad teacher.)
vs
'She passed her exams because of her teacher.'
(She had a good teacher)
(it means that she passed the exam because of the help of her good teacher.)
(iii)
'In spite of' can be followed by an '-ing' form.
'In spite of having a headache I enjoyed the film.'
(it means that 'I' enjoyed the film although I had a headache.)
(iv)
'In spite of' CANNOT be followed directly by a 'that-clause'.
Instead, we can use 'in spite of the fact that'.
'He is good company, in spite of the fact that he talks all the time.'
note that 'although' means the same, and is more common.
In more formal English, 'despite' can be used in the same way as 'in spite of'.
The above are from 'Michael Swan, Practical English Usage (2005)'
These parts are simple and clear so I'm not going to explain them in Chinese.