There are a lot of factors here, and I only know a few and certainly will miss out most and oversimplify the rest.
So tyre slip is one issue, with multiple causes.
If you don't have enough overall downforce then you will spin up your tyres slightly more on acceleration.
If you have a front or rear bias to your downforce balance, you will have more rear or front slip / spin, respectively under braking, cornering and exit to an extent. This will be exacerbated by an 'understeery' car having inherent front tyre slip,
Tyre temperature management. A smaller issue now with more standardisation around the hubs and brake cooling but different cars will still radiate and dissipate heat from the tyres at different rates.
Engine power, mapping software and suspension dynamics. A car that has smoother power delivery should, on average, mean less tyre wear.
Some of these are give and take, last year Mercedes had great tyre wear characteristics, but they really struggled to get the tyres up to temperature. Ferrari switched their tyres on immediately, but struggled with overheating them.
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