[NEW] [英文grammar] 入黎砌下老母個老母 (2)

HEY GAYS!!!又係我


上個post我搞得比較混亂，同埋前兩日身心皆抱恙所以冇再出文。
依家好返啲，開返個新嘅post重頭黎過，唔再屈喺張床，出一出房。
依度會整理返上個post啲野，等各位唔洗兩邊走。

其實唔係淨係講grammar，不過唔改個PO名啦。
同時講一講，我唔會咩主題都詳解，tenses、sentence structure之類，以及一啲基本上google同書一搵就有嘅野如果有人問起，我只會搵啲清晰嘅source俾大家睇。仲有我打字速度世界級慢。請見諒。
我主要係講下一啲觀察到好多人用錯、冇點留意嘅野，同埋講下生字（有啲未必好實用，旨在分享）等等，冇固定題材。
另外，我唔係咩都識，所以先要溫書 ；同時唔係咩都知點用文字解釋。所以遇到啲我唔識嘅野我會出聲，希望一啲高手幫手解答。


**建議用電腦(黑暗模式)睇，電話睇好似好亂有好細，驚大家眼會盲。**
出新野需時，如果有興趣又唔想睇返啲舊野嘅話就留個名，幾個鐘後返黎睇啦。


借自己個位幫我男神Brett Anderson賣個廣告先。
聽經典BritPop除左Oasis、Blur、Pulp、The Stone Roses嗰啲之外，又點少得Suede啊！推介Wild Ones、Beautiful Ones。

Lm

爸打對functional grammar點睇

1: 'About' or 'On'?

We use 'about' to talk about ordinary and general things.
'On' is more specific, serious and professional.


Example 1:

A Book About China's Eating Culture
vs
A Book on China's Eating Culture

兩者皆是關於中國飲食文化的書，但意思上不同。
前者為一本談及普遍中國文化的書。例如書中可能會提及「很多中國人都食用米飯」。
後者則為一本以（偏向）學術的角度探究中國文化的書。例如書中會為中國飲食文化作出深入分析，如把中國分為南北兩部細緻描寫各省的飲食文化。


Example 2:

They had a conversation about their son.
vs
They had a conversation on their son,

兩句皆是指他們有一段與他們的兒子有關的對話。
但前者是不深入的，大概是夫婦二人略略談到兒子的事情。
而後者是一段較認真的對話。這可以是因為兒子有些如學業、健康等問題令父母關注，故好好談論。

2: 'Altogether' or 'All together'?

好多人撈亂佢地
通常用'All together'都冇乜問題，但係'altogether'就亂亂地

Altogether先

(i)

'Altogether' is an adverb that means 'completely'

The legal reform is not altogether finished.
那法律改革還未完全完成

(ii)

'Altogether' means 'considering everything'.
即係「整體黎睇/講」或者「諗晒各方面/深思」

Altogether, she decided, marriage was a bit of a mistake.
全面思考過後，她作出了判斷。婚姻多少是個錯誤。

依句亦可以寫為

Altogether, she decided that marriage was a bit of a mistake.

(iii)

'Altogether' can also be used to give totals.
(何時要加's'在noun後？
'totals'，即總額。在此要加上's'是因為這句是泛指所有的「總額」也可以用'altogether'修飾，而不是只有指定的'total'才可。
何時不用加's'?
例子有: 'That's £4 and £70, so the total is £74.')

That's £74 altogether.
總共£74。

到'All Together'

It usually means 'everybody/everything together'.
即所有人/物品一起

Come on, everybody. All together now...
來吧，每一位。全部現在一起(做某事情)......

They all went to the library together.
他們全部一起去了圖書館

source: Michael Swan, Practical English Usage

爸打對functional grammar點睇

唔識

3: 'Begin' or 'Start'?

Since they are very similar to each other, they can both be used with the same meaning.
兩者基本上通用。

However, in formal writing (or when you are talking in a relatively formal way), we generally prefer using 'begin' instead of 'start'.
但前者比後者較多用或適用於正式文書及對話。

Formal:

The referendum will begin soon.
那全民公投快要開始了。

(Referendum即全民公投。
英國脫歐公投普遍被叫作 'Brexit referendum', 'EU referendum'。
正式名為United Kingdom European Union Membership Referendum。

而經常被提及的「英國國會」是 The Parliament of the UK。通常被稱作'the UK Parliament'或'the British Parliament' 。
The UK parliamentary is the supreme legislative body in the UK.

relative words:
- Parliamentary Sovereignty 國會主權
- Legislation 立法
- Separation of Powers 權力分立
- Constitution 憲法 )


Informal:

It's starting to rain.

雖則兩者相近，但以下情況不可使用'Begin':

- Start a journey
e.g. It's better for us to start at 6:00am because there might be a traffic jam during peak hours.
('peak hours' 是指繁忙時段)

- Start working (用於機器)
e.g. The motor won't start.

- make something start
e.g. 1: How do you start the machine?
2: The host fired the gun to start the race.
('fire a gun' 即開槍)

4: 'Fun' or 'Funny'?

'Fun'是一個countable名詞，但也可用作形容詞。
每次見到就諗到希哥

You seem like fun

此句中的'fun'是名詞。整句書面解釋是「你看上去像是種趣味(有趣的人)。」
但明顯是有sexual meaning。
在比較不正經的Flirting當中，'fun'是很常用的。
可對對象說'you seem like fun', 'you seem like a lot of fun', 'you seem fun(這個fun是形容詞)'。 但不推薦毒撚使用。


'Fun' can be used after 'be' (即is, am, are, was, were, been) to say that people or things are entertaining or enjoyable.


Example 1:

'The party was fun! Wasn't it? '
那派對很有趣味呢！是嗎？

('The game is fun. Isn't it?'
'They weren't friendly. Were they?'
這些是反問。有「不是嗎？」的意思。)

Example 2:

'Kelly is fun.'
Kelly很有趣。

在不正規英語中，'fun'可以直接用在名詞前。

'That's a fun fact!'

'Funny'則只是形容詞。
但與'Fun(adj.)'有些不同
'Fun(adj.)'主要是解作「好玩」等等意思，'fun things/ people'多指該事物或人可以讓用家/身邊人感到享受


Funny則是主要形容該事物或人，與受眾未必有直接感受上的關係。

'He is fun.'
vs
'He is funny.'

前者(如果不是用於flirting之上)較重於說話者與其真正相處後的感覺。

後者則是指'he'為人有趣。

根據一位巴打提供嘅資料同意見，我可能解釋得唔太清晰或者好。
Funny = It makes you laugh.
Fun = when you enjoy yourself and have a good time.

A comedian is FUNNY because he makes you laugh.
Going to an amusement park is FUN because you enjoy yourself and have a good time.

5: Go from strength to strength

'To go from strength to strength'即不斷漸漸地強大起來(本身已經很好，但更上一層樓)

用法不複雜，可當成'to gradually become more successful'使用。

Example:

The animal rights groups have gone from strength to strength since the large-scale social protest in May.
那些動物權益組織由五月那大型抗議開始越來越成功。

這與以下這句並無分別：

The animal rights groups have gradually become more successful sin the large-scale social protest in May.

唔識分幾時用a, 幾時加s
例如: [蘋果]對[人]有益
[蘋果]應該用an apple 定apples?
[人]應該用a person 定people?

謝謝

6. 幾時要加'S'

第二篇講altogether嘅有略略講過

「蘋果對人有益」，直譯即：

'Apples are good for people's health.'

Apple要加s因為這句指的不是指定的一個蘋果，而是所以蘋果都對人體有益處。
用people不用a person是與蘋果加s的道理一樣，句子是在說一個對所有人都是正確的事實，不只是對單一人士。

那麼何時使用apple和person?

1: 就是在指定、單一的情況
由於是指定的，要用'the'
E.g.
'The apple is rotten.' (那一個蘋果是腐爛的)
'I saw the exact person I met in town again' (我再次看到那個我在城內遇見的人)

2: 指明數量
E.g.
'Please give him an apple.'
'There's a person under the bridge.'

3: 不肯定是哪一個人或哪一件指定物品
E.g.
'He was hit by a person.'(你只知道他被一個人打，並不知道那人是女是男、身分是甚麼)
'He ate an apple.' (你只知道他吃了個蘋果，不知是哪一個)

但通常這樣寫便可以了：

'Apples are good for health.'

爸打對functional grammar點睇

唔識

kenneth lau

kenneth lau講過？乜黎？ 有冇人講下

7: 常見字 BrE vs AmE

唔係一定嘅其實 不過通常係咁

糖 sweets vs candy

薯條 chips vs French fries

垃圾 rubbish vs trash/garbage

停車場 car park vs parking lot

履歷表 CV vs resumé

地下鐵 underground vs subway

假期 holiday(s) vs vacation

8: 串法 BrE vs AmE

Analyse vs Analyze

Centre vs Center

Defence vs Denfense

Honour vs Honor

Traveller vs Traveler

Skilful vs Skillful

Jewellery vs Jewelry

Fulfil vs Fulfill

Programme vs Program



以下為一位巴打嘅補充

常見串法唔同仲有 BrE -logue Ame -log
eg. catalogue dialogue catalog dialog
用字唔同:
BrE AmE
升降機 lift elevator
貨車 lorry trunk
車尾箱 trunk boot
長褲 trousers pants
餅乾 biscuit cracker

有個grammar問題想請教

155. For low-income families, government welfare subsidies is only a relieve measure, and the best solution is to provide them with training and employment opportunities.


點解呢度有is 既 因為a relieve measure ?
我諗佢係想講各種welfare subsidies 但點解可以咁用？
Thankss

9: 'Hilarious' and 'Ridiculous'

前者主要(本義)為褒義詞，後者主要(本義)為貶義詞。

<Hilarious>

Things that are hilarious are extremely amusing. 十分滑稽、有趣。
(DSE jj想r分可以一句用'extremely amusing'一句用'hilarious' 有variation會加下分 )

'You're hilarious.'
vs
'You're hilarious.'

兩句一樣。 但其實語氣同情況上不同亦會帶來意思上的不同。

通常'hilarious'也是正面的。
如果你喜歡那人的有趣性格，你說這句就是一個compliment (讚許)。

但同時這字也可做作一個諷刺。
當一個你不喜歡的人打算扮幽默，你不受這一套。你以鄙視的語氣說出這句就是sarcasm (諷刺)。

(以上可套用在人以外的事物之上)

<Ridiculous>

此字主要為負面的。是指一些事物absurd (荒謬、愚蠢)和laughable(可笑)(laughable本身不偏正負面任何一方)。

但是非正式用法下有時候會有正面解釋，如好笑。

<ridiculously(adv.)>

That's ridiculously good!

意思是「好到荒謬、正到痴線」

10: In Spite Of

(i)

'In spite of + noun' means more or less the same as 'although + clause':

We went out in spite of the rain.
(= We went out although it was raining)

We understood him in spite of his accent.
(= We understood him although he had a strong accent.)

(ii)

'In spite of' is the opposite of 'because of'. Compare:

'She passed her exams in spite of her teacher.'
(she had a bad teacher)
(The meaning of the sentence is that the girl passed her exam although she had a bad teacher.)

vs

'She passed her exams because of her teacher.'
(She had a good teacher)
(it means that she passed the exam because of the help of her good teacher.)

(iii)

'In spite of' can be followed by an '-ing' form.

'In spite of having a headache I enjoyed the film.'
(it means that 'I' enjoyed the film although I had a headache.)

(iv)

'In spite of' CANNOT be followed directly by a 'that-clause'.
Instead, we can use 'in spite of the fact that'.

'He is good company, in spite of the fact that he talks all the time.'

**********
note that 'although' means the same, and is more common.
In more formal English, 'despite' can be used in the same way as 'in spite of'.

The above are from 'Michael Swan, Practical English Usage (2005)'
These parts are simple and clear so I'm not going to explain them in Chinese.

爸打對functional grammar點睇

唔識

kenneth lau

kenneth lau講過？乜黎？ 有冇人講下

萬人之師都唔識

萬人之師梗係識 唔知咩係functional grammar

有個grammar問題想請教

155. For low-income families, government welfare subsidies is only a relieve measure, and the best solution is to provide them with training and employment opportunities.


點解呢度有is 既 因為a relieve measure ?
我諗佢係想講各種welfare subsidies 但點解可以咁用？
Thankss

係咩黎？書？

我唔敢challenge書架喎

不過
通常會講"Government welfare subsidies are only a relieve measure"
不過又不過
如果"Government Welfare Subsidies"係一個scheme名、campaign名之類 佢係可以寫做"G W Subsidies is only a relieve measure" 嘅
但係要quote住"Government W S"
即以下兩句都啱

Government welfare subsidies are only a relieve measure

同埋

'Government Welfare Subsidies' is only a relieve measure.

你依個case我就唔知道了

冇人理
算啦我當溫書寫notes
食個晏再返黎

我對language都好有興趣
上面都學到野

欣賞巴打既努力, 英文系?

我都有聽suede

我對language都好有興趣
上面都學到野

欣賞巴打既努力, 英文系?

我都有聽suede

有咩可以幫手補充下
不是英文系

識貨

有個grammar問題想請教

155. For low-income families, government welfare subsidies is only a relieve measure, and the best solution is to provide them with training and employment opportunities.


點解呢度有is 既 因為a relieve measure ?
我諗佢係想講各種welfare subsidies 但點解可以咁用？
Thankss

係咩黎？書？

我唔敢challenge書架喎

不過
通常會講"Government welfare subsidies are only a relieve measure"
不過又不過
如果"Government Welfare Subsidies"係一個scheme名、campaign名之類 佢係可以寫做"G W Subsidies is only a relieve measure" 嘅
但係要quote住"Government W S"
即以下兩句都啱

<em>Government welfare subsidies are only a relieve measure

同埋

'Government Welfare Subsidies' is only a relieve measure.</em>

你依個case我就唔知道了

咩呀 兩個都啱
如果 subject 同 object 一個singular 一個plural
中間個verb 可以agree with 其中一個
唔洗加引號

Ok
依個我唔清楚
因為我係跟咁用

Good post keep name

就嚟u grad 想將英文砍掉重練 想問下有咩書推介? 宜家睇緊果3本grammar in use 但覺得d解釋唔係幾夠

就嚟u grad 想將英文砍掉重練 想問下有咩書推介? 宜家睇緊果3本grammar in use 但覺得d解釋唔係幾夠

睇下呢個啦 internet grammar
http://www.ucl.ac.uk/internet-grammar/

有個grammar問題想請教

155. For low-income families, government welfare subsidies is only a relieve measure, and the best solution is to provide them with training and employment opportunities.


點解呢度有is 既 因為a relieve measure ?
我諗佢係想講各種welfare subsidies 但點解可以咁用？
Thankss

係咩黎？書？

我唔敢challenge書架喎

不過
通常會講"Government welfare subsidies are only a relieve measure"
不過又不過
如果"Government Welfare Subsidies"係一個scheme名、campaign名之類 佢係可以寫做"G W Subsidies is only a relieve measure" 嘅
但係要quote住"Government W S"
即以下兩句都啱

<em>Government welfare subsidies are only a relieve measure

同埋

'Government Welfare Subsidies' is only a relieve measure.</em>

你依個case我就唔知道了

咩呀 兩個都啱
如果 subject 同 object 一個singular 一個plural
中間個verb 可以agree with 其中一個
唔洗加引號

Ok
依個我唔清楚
因為我係跟咁用

http://www.wilbers.com/subjectverbagreement.htm

10: At, On, In (時間版)

上網見到張幾清楚嘅圖不過好柒 所以扮小朋友字手寫左張 幾有用



Exceptions:

- In the morning/ afternoon/ evening
- At night/ midnight/ midday
- In 5 minutes
- at/ on the weekend

11: At, On, In (地方版)