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![](http://www.coolgalapagos.com/animals/Red-knobbed-starfish.jpg)
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呢三種海洋生物可以歸納做Echinoderm,Echino-有刺,derm – 皮,大家可以聯想佢地做有帶刺表皮既生物。作為一隻居住係海底既生物,佢地又點得意法呢?
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形狀
Echinoderm最明顯既特點在於佢地係radially symmetrical,睇落非常順眼。
![](https://mappingignorance.org/fx/media/2013/09/fig4.png)
而且,echinoderms係有一個所謂”endoskeleton”,所以大家有時會係海邊見到有佢地既殼,其實係佢地既骨。
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![](http://www.sonoranresorts.mx/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Sand-Dollar-Under-Shallow-Sea-Water-3456x2592-300x225.jpg)
刺與管足
作為echinoderm,表皮有刺其實好基本。但唔好以為佢地咁硬就無mobility,其實有好多tubefeet(管足)會伸出黎,移動佢地既身軀。
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![](http://www.discoveringfossils.co.uk/echinoid_tube_feet_extended.jpg)
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飲食習慣
由於Echinoderms 都分左好多物種,我地要明白佢地既飲食習慣都會唔同。例如好多海參係Suspension/deposit feeder,只會不停食沙/吞水,從而吸收入面既有機物。
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![](https://www.montereybayaquarium.org/-/m/images/animal-guide/invertebrates/johnsons-sea-cucumber.jpg?bc=white&h=553&mh=738&mw=1312&w=979&usecustomfunctions=1&cropx=13&cropy=60)
又例如海星,會將反自己個胃出去,係外面消化食物再帶番身體內。
大部分海膽都係”Grazer” ,佢地有一個結構叫 "Aristotle's lantern",姐係個嘴。會刨石上面既青苔,或者食海藻。
![](http://week.divebums.com/2010/May17-2010/purple-sea-urchins_walter-heim.jpg)
非常值得留意既係,好多地方由於”Trophic Cascade” (簡單地講就係一個因頂層捕食者數量減少而導致既連鎖較應),海膽數量大增,結果成個kelp forest比佢地刨晒。
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![](https://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/776/flashcards/2158776/jpg/a-142D522E6E938A1970E.jpg)
Water Vascular System
呢個控制海水進出身體既system係echinoderm獨有既。透過多個器官同管道,海水會進入同停留係佢地身體內,用作例如氣同體交換, 營養運輸,再排出身體外。同時利用水壓,有D海星會利用呢個system可以控制自己管足既移動。
![](https://media.tenor.com/images/526d15d54d72531b7cef35c2d77267ad/tenor.gif)
繁殖與成長
Echinoderms 既繁殖方法都有好多,例如有d海星會進行單性繁殖。分開一隻手出黎,會變兩隻海星
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![](http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-IVuAjDGNsPs/UJsI11N-vMI/AAAAAAAADBE/vEgN87LnWXY/s1600/Linckia_multifora_comet2_PNG_PNG12-0040.jpg)
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不過最普遍既都係有性繁殖。男性女性都會將sperm同egg直接射出海水,並係茫茫大海中相遇。受精後embryo會經歷一個完全變態,流浪大海既過程,見下圖。由於呢part有涉及到成個echinoderm既evolution history,我暫時唔多講。
![](http://biophysics.sbg.ac.at/planci/images/cycle.jpg)
![](http://sunny.moorparkcollege.edu/~econnolly/Echinoderms_files/image024.gif)
煮法
所謂食海膽食海星其實都係食佢地既gonads,個人鐘意新鮮地成舊放係紫菜上面食。原理好似蟹子/魚春咁,識食呢就一定係成舊食,唔通逐粒逐粒食咩
![](http://www.districtgourmet.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/HIros-Yakko-San-Sea-Urchin.jpg)
有唔明可以隨便問/指正
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