已證實 mRNA 疫苗所產生嘅棘蛋白會導致血管病變

全球疫情至今沒完沒了，眾所周知新冠病毒是透過病毒表面的棘突蛋白(spike protein)，跟人類肺部細胞的ACE2(血管緊張素轉換酶2)受體結合，從而感染宿主，是一種呼吸道疾病。然而上周美國著名生命科學研究機構「索爾克生物研究所」，與加州大學聖地亞哥分校的聯合研究，卻打破了大家的認知。

上周五刊載於《循環研究》期刊，科學家證明新冠肺炎並非呼吸道疾病，而是一種血管疾病，解釋了為何有患者染疫後，會出現中風等呼吸系統以外的病徵，有關研究也詳細解釋棘突蛋白破壞血管細胞的機制，印證了之前有科學家對這種蛋白會損傷血管內皮細胞的懷疑。

科研人員在實驗室創造了一種滿布新冠病毒表面棘突蛋白，但內裡卻沒有任何病毒的「偽病毒」，然後暴露於動物模型，發現牠們肺部和動脈受損，組織樣本顯示肺動脈壁內層的內皮細胞發炎，足以證明單純棘突蛋白已可引起疾病。隨後團隊重複上述步驟，將健康的血管內皮細胞暴露於棘突蛋白，發現該蛋白當與ACE2受體結合時，破壞了ACE2對線粒體(為細胞產生能量的細胞器)的分子信號傳導，從而導致線粒體被破壞。

參與研究、助理研究教授Uri Manor表示，「如果去除病毒的複製能力，僅憑其與這種ACE2受體的結合能力，足以對血管細胞具有重大的破壞作用。」研究人員接下來希望深入研究這種破壞機制，為開發更有效治療提供了方向。

(來源：索爾克生物研究所)
網址：https://www.salk.edu/news-release/the-novel-coronavirus-spike-protein-plays-additional-key-role-in-illness/

再睇 mRNA 疫苗背後嘅原理：
A Closer Look at How COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines Work

COVID-19 vaccines
COVID-19 mRNA vaccines give instructions for our cells to make a harmless piece of what is called the “spike protein.” The spike protein is found on the surface of the virus that causes COVID-19.
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/different-vaccines/mrna.html

結論：
mRNA 疫苗係人體所制造嘅棘蛋白會導致血管病變

The Long Road to Perdition

COVID19 vaccines are injected into the deltoid where they are taken up by muscle cells. The vaccine remains largely contained near the site of injection. Local muscle cells that take in the vaccine produce the spike protein and place it on the surface of the cell where it is recognized by the immune system. Vaccine that is not taken up by muscle is drained into the local lymph nodes where lymphatic cells absorb the vaccine and similarly make spike protein. The lymphatic cells are responsible for activating T and B cells, which are important steps in generating immunity.

In order to damage the endothelium of blood vessels, COVID-19 vaccines have to enter the vascular system and infect cells that circulate in the blood. Data collected by the European Medicines Agency shows that no significant amount of vaccine enters the circulation. The confinement of the expressed spike protein away from the circulatory system significant prevents it from causing damage to the vascular endothelium.

Redesigning the Spike Protein

The spike protein attaches SARS-CoV2 to cells through a receptor called ACE2. In order to fully interact, the spike protein must undergo a conformational change.

A research team lead by Dr. Barney Graham from the Vaccine Research Center at the NIH National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases created an engineered form of the spike protein that is unable to make the shape change required to effectively bind to cells. The Pfizer/BioNTech, Moderna, Novavax, and Johnson&Johnson vaccines all use this inactivated spike protein, which means any spike protein that is produced by the vaccine is not able to be activated. This safety-switch limits the ability of the spike protein to bind ACE2 and limits its ability to cause damage.

https://www.science20.com/w_glen_pyle/the_thorny_problem_of_covid19_vaccines_and_spike_proteins-254373

有科學研究證明疫苗既spike protein已被deactivated, 不會對血管做成傷害。但又唔見你貼