The Australian radio-astronomer Dr John O'Sullivan with his colleagues Terence Percival, Graham Daniels, Diet Ostry, and John Deane[8] developed a key patent used in Wi-Fi as a by-product of a Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) research project, "a failed experiment to detect exploding mini black holes the size of an atomic particle".[9] Dr O'Sullivan and his colleagues are credited with inventing Wi-Fi.[10][11] In 1992 and 1996, CSIRO obtained patents[12] for a method later used in Wi-Fi to "unsmear" the signal.[13]