google搵唔到係因為真係亂撚到冚家鏟,同埋已經進入electric engineering範疇
https://www.digikey.hk/en/articles/techzone/2017/mar/designing-in-usb-type-c-and-using-power-delivery-for-rapid-charging
For the designer, other notable aspects of the USB PD Specification are the ability of host and peripheral to “negotiate” voltage and current levels using VBUS pins (i.e. without relying on data lines) and
the ability to deliver power in either direction without recourse to connector switching. This capability allows, for example, a display connected to mains power to be used to charge a laptop while simultaneously presenting information from the portable computer. Finally, the ability for individual devices to negotiate the exact amount of power they need at any time improves system efficiency.
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USB power delivery design
When considering a USB-based design that makes the most of the technology’s power supply capabilities, it’s worth taking a moment to understand how it handles data and power transfer. This has changed considerably from the initial implementation whereby a PC supplied power to a peripheral and data was exchanged both ways.
In today’s implementations, a Downstream Facing Port (DFP) sends data, can source VBUS power and is typically a host or a hub; an Upstream Facing Port (UFP) receives data, sinks (consumes) VBUS power and connects to a host (for example, a display); and a Dual-Role-Data (DRD) port can act as either a DFP or a UFP.
In the case of DRD, the port’s role is determined by whether it acts as a power source (DFP) or sink (UFP) at start-up, but its function can be dynamically changed during operation if required. A DRD port is typically used in a smartphone or tablet computer.
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When considering power flow, ports can also take on a Dual-Role-Power (DRP) configuration. For example, a portable computer may feature a DRP port that’s used to charge its battery, but may later be used to power an external device such as a hard disk drive. Life gets just a little more complex for the designer here because there are subclasses of a DRP, namely a sourcing device and a sinking host. A sourcing device can supply power, but is unable to act as a DFP. Similarly, a sinking device can receive power, but can’t act as a UFP.
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If both ports are DRP capable, the outcome of the connection can be influenced by two optional features: “Try.SRC” (which sets the port as a DFP) and “Try.SNK” (UFP). Such settings can be quite important depending on the application. For example, it would make little sense for a smartphone to start charging a portable computer.