人體的奧秘 - 到底點計危險期？終於要講塊閪

目錄
(1)基本既心臟介紹
lihkg.com/thread/649350

(2)基本既肺臟介紹
lihkg.com/thread/652225

(3)基本既腎臟介紹
lihkg.com/thread/665504

(4)基本既胃部介紹
lihkg.com/thread/673704

(5)基本既小腸介紹
lihkg.com/thread/685309

(6)基本既大腸介紹
lihkg.com/thread/690908

(7)基本既肝臟介紹
lihkg.com/thread/696439

(8)基本既胰臟介紹
lihkg.com/thread/700041

(9)基本既骨頭介紹
lihkg.com/thread/714062

(10)基本既肌肉介紹
lihkg.com/thread/744825

(11)基本既胸腺介紹
lihkg.com/thread/747138

(12)基本既脾臟介紹
lihkg.com/thread/752658

(13)基本既皮膚介紹
lihkg.com/thread/758234

(14)基本既陰莖 & 睾丸介紹
lihkg.com/thread/765959

建議由第一期開始慢慢睇
想睇最新目錄請自行起底去最新個post
歡迎留言 一齊討論 你問我唔一定會答
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{Please note: This article contains sexual health content}
{請注意，本篇文章內容與性健康相關。}

Guess what, I'm going to talk about the female reproductive system. Yeah, the vagina. Men always dream of the vagina. It's a holy zone. But when it comes to the reality, it is just full of blood and hideous, that's where we came from!
你知道嗎？我地準備要講女人既生殖器官啦，冇錯就係塊閪啦。男人既夢想，神聖既領域 但現實係，依個所有人類既誕生之地係血腥又核突。

Vagina is like a corridor & Ovary is like a nest. Of course, they are built to reproduce, like the one in men, but way more complicated.
陰道 (vagina) 就好似一條走廊；卵巢 (ovary) 就好似雀巢。當然，就好似男人既生殖器官，佢地都係為繁殖而生，不過就複雜好多。

Let's appreciate the vagina, hmmm. better be called the artwork of nature.
欣賞下塊閪......應該叫大自然既藝術。
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Overview first.
大體咁睇下先。

There are 3 organs in the female reproductive system, they are the ovary, the uterine and the vagina.
(i) Ovary stores immature oocyte (or egg) and provides room for oocytes to develop. A normal woman has 2 ovaries.
(ii) Uterine is a muscular organ where the embryo (or baby) matures.
(iii) Vagina is a canal between the cervix and the outer world, allows the penis to penetrate into. It also allows the menstrual blood and the baby past through.
女人既生殖系統由3個器官組成：卵巢、子宮同埋陰道。
(一) 卵巢負責儲存未成熟既卵子同埋提供地方比卵子成長。正常既女人有2個卵巢。
(二) 子宮 (uterine) 就係一個基本上由肌肉組成既器官，提供地方比胚胎 (embryo) 成長。
(三) 陰道係一條連接子宮頸 (cervix) 同埋外面世界既路，比月經既血排出同埋產嬰，佢亦都可以比男人既陰莖插入。

The uterine tubes are the extensional part of the uterine, and they are not directly connected to ovaries.
輸卵管 (uterine tube) 其實係子宮既延伸部份，佢地本身其實冇直接同卵巢連埋。
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Look into the cross-section of the ovary.
切開卵巢睇下。

The ovary can be divided into mainly 2 parts, the medulla and the cortex.
(i) Ovarian cortex is the outer layer. It contains follicles which surround an immature oocyte.
(ii) Ovarian medulla is the inner layer. It is connected to the hilum, where the blood supply and the nerve come from.
卵巢可以分做2個部分：皮質同埋髓質，冇錯，又係依兩個詞語。
(一) 皮質 (cortex) 係外層既部分，裡面有好多卵泡 (follicle)，每一粒卵泡都包住一粒未成熟既卵子。
(二) 髓質 (medulla) 係內層既部分，依個部分連接血管同埋神經。
The ovary is held by several ligaments.
卵巢係由韌帶位置既。
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Look into a primary follicle.
再睇入d，望下卵泡。

There are different types of ovarian follicle, indicating different stages of development. The one in the figure is a primary follicle, an early-staged follicle. It consists of 2 kinds of cell, the follicular cell (or granulosa cell) and the oocyte.
(i) The follicular cell is the nurse cell of the oocyte, providing nutrients to the oocyte. It is also responsible in the endocrine functions.
(ii) The oocyte is the germ cell (or gamete) that contributes to the embryo formation, like the spermatocyte in male.
卵泡會成長，各個成長階段既卵泡會用唔同既名去分辨，而圖中既卵泡叫做祖卵泡 (primary follicle)，係相對早期既卵泡。祖卵泡由2種細胞組成：顆粒細胞同埋未成熟既卵細胞。
(一) 顆粒細胞 (granulosa cell) 係卵子既「護士」，提供營養比卵子，佢亦都會參與內分泌。
(二) 卵細胞 (oocyte) 係生殖細胞，就好似精細胞咁，負責形成胚胎。
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first

講嚟有咩用連登仔一世都冇得屌

Here we go, the desperately awaited vagina.
黎啦黎啦，要睇塊閪啦。

Actually, the vagina is only the internal canal of the female genitalia. The external part, as the figure shown, is called the vulva, which can be divided into 3 parts, the labia majora, the labia minora and the clitoris.
(i) Labia majora is the outermost part of the vulva, embryologically the same as the scrotum in the male.
(ii) Labia minora is the inner part of the vulva, surrounded by the labia majora. The opening of the urethra and vagina can be found at the center of the labia minora, where vaginal opening is dorsal to the urethral opening.
(iii) Clitoris is a small and erectile part of the vulva, anterior to the urethral opening, surrounded by labia minora. It is embryologically the same as the glans in the male.
要澄清番小小野，所謂陰道其實只係女性生殖器 (female genitalia) 裡面既部分，而唔係全部 (唔同男性生殖器，陰莖就包曬)。外面既部分叫做陰戶 (vulva)，陰戶加埋陰道先係完整既女性生殖器。陰戶可以分做3個部份：大陰唇、小陰唇同埋陰蒂。
(一) 大陰唇 (labia majora) 係陰戶既最外層，係胚胎時期等於男性既陰囊。
(二) 小陰唇 (labia minora) 係陰戶既內層，比大陰唇包住，陰道同尿道既開口就係小陰唇既中間，而陰道開口係係尿道開口既後面。
(三) 陰蒂 (clitoris) 係一粒細細地又會勃起既組織。佢係尿道開口既前面，比小陰唇包住。係胚胎時期等於男性既龜頭。

Unlike the male genitalia, the urethra is not a part of the female genitalia. (If you are confused about those male genital terms, feel free to read the article 'penis & testicle'. )
重有一樣同男性生殖器唔同既係，女性生殖器同尿道各自獨立既。（睇唔明d男性生殖器既用語？睇番「基本既陰莖 & 睾丸介紹」啦）
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Back to the oocyte. The maturation of the follicle is called the folliculogenesis, which includes parts of the oogenesis, maturation of the oocyte. The cycle of folliculogenesis will start when the female reaches the puberty. Each cycle is around 28 days.
番番去睇下卵細胞既成長。卵細胞既成長就當然同照顧佢既卵泡息息相關啦。而卵泡既成長過程呢，就包左卵細胞既成長過程 (folliculogenesis)，所以要知道卵細胞變成卵子，就黎睇下卵泡既成長啦。卵泡既成長係一個28日左右既循環。

The folliculogenesis can be divided into 7 steps. It's quite overwhelming, isn't it? But I promise you will find it all very make sense after studying them.
(i) Back in the day when the female was still in her mum's uterine, the preparation is already happening. Many precursor follicles, called the primordial follicle are being produced during this time. Oogoniums differentiate into primary oocytes and kept in primordial follicles, where they still have 92 chromatids. Those primordial follicles would be kept until puberty.
(ii) The cycle begins. Each cycle, several primordial follicles start to develop into the primary follicles by the proliferation of granulosa cells.
(iii) Those primary follicles keep developing. A layer of theca cells is formed (another type of cell that is also responsible for secreting hormones), which indicates that those primary follicles develop into pre-antral follicles.
(iv) The granulosa cells and the theca cells of pre-antral follicles keep proliferating so that more hormones can be secreted, which results in the formation of a lot of liquid by-products. The liquid forms an antrum within those pre-antral follicles. And now those pre-antral follicles are called the antral follicle.
卵泡既成長基本上可以分做7個階段，好似幾煩啊可？但係我保證，認真睇完之後就會覺得好合理。
(一) 早係女人重係佢老母個子宮入面個時呢，就已經準備緊卵泡嫁啦。女人自出娘胎就已經有大量既原卵泡 (primordial follicle) 係佢既卵巢入面。依D原卵泡包住由卵原細胞 (oogonium) 轉化而成既卵祖細胞 (primary oocyte)，遺傳單體 (chromatid) 既數量當然就係92舊。原卵泡會一直保存到去青春期個時先開始用。
(二) 到左青春期個循環就開始啦。一小部分既原卵泡透過增加顆粒細胞既數量成為祖卵泡 (primary follicle)。
(三) D祖卵泡就繼續成長啦，慢慢就會係外圍形成一層卵鞘細胞 (theca cell)，依層細胞亦都代表祖卵泡成長到去母卵泡 (secondary follicle, including the pre-antral and the antral follicle)。
(四) D母卵泡繼續成長，亦都分泌更多既荷爾蒙 (hormone)，同時都分泌出好多液態既副產品。依D液體令到D母卵泡入面形成一個充滿液體既空間。

(v) Due to the hormone secretion, antrums in antral follicles keep enlarging. Among those developing follicles, only the biggest one will continue to develop, others will undergo atresia and die. The primary oocyte in the chosen follicle finish the meiosis I and differentiates into the secondary oocyte. A polar body is released and only 46 chromatids are left in the secondary oocyte. Now the accumulated fluid in the antrum is enough to burst the secondary oocyte out of the ovary. It is called the ovulation. The oocyte will be directed to the ampulla of the uterine tube and waits for the fertilization.
(vi) After ovulation, the remaining follicle is called the corpus luteum. It still has endocrine functions.
(vii) If there is fertilization, the corpus luteum would be kept to release hormones for several months. If there isn't, it would develop into corpus albicans (albi- means white) and die.
(五) 就係咁，不斷分泌荷爾蒙既母卵泡變到越黎越大。依個時候，只有最大個粒母卵泡可以繼續成長，其餘既就會凋亡。之後個粒母卵泡入面既卵祖細胞就會分裂成卵母細胞 (secondary oocyte) 同埋分離體 (polar body)，遺傳單體得番46舊。慢慢咁個母卵泡就儲好液體，將成粒卵母細胞爆出卵巢外面，依個過程就係排卵 (ovulation)。之後粒卵母細胞就會被帶到輸卵管，等待授精 (fertilization)。
(六) 排左卵之後呢，粒母卵泡就叫做黃體 (corpus luteum)。佢依然有內分泌既功能。
(七) 如果有授精，咁黃體就會保留落黎，繼續分泌幾個月荷爾蒙。如果冇呢，就會慢慢變成白體 (corpus albicans) 最後凋亡。

However, until now, the oocyte is still a secondary oocyte, the oogenesis isn't completed yet. If the secondary oocyte is fertilized by a sperm, the oocyte will immediately undergo meiosis during the fertilization and become an ootid or ovum (with 23 chromatids). A polar body forms (A polar body is just a garbage can of genetic materials).
到現時為止啦，粒卵細胞重係叫做卵母細胞，代表卵細胞既成長其實未完結。如果卵母細胞成功被授精，咁卵母細胞就會即刻分裂成卵子(ovum) 同埋分離體 (所謂既「分離體」姐係一個裝著遺傳物質既垃圾桶)，而遺傳單體變成23舊。

The ovum will then fuse with the sperm and become an zygote. So technically, an ovum will exist only when fertilization occurs and even with fertilization, it has only several minutes of life, what a tragedy.
之後卵子隨即就會同精子結合成受精卵 (zygote)。所以呢，嚴格D黎講啦，冇授精就冇卵子，就算真係有都係得幾分鐘既命，慘撚過食兩舊屎。當然啦，平時我地叫既「卵子」通常都係指「卵母細胞」。
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You may heard of the period counting before. Actually, it is just based on the folliculogenesis.
我唸你都聽過下計個D乜野排卵期啊、安全期嫁啦，其實依D生理週期都係基於卵泡既成長既。

The whole cycle of the folliculogenesis is around 28 days, where the first 13 days represent the first 4 stages of the folliculogenesis, and it is called the follicular phase.
我講過啦，成個週期有大概28日，其中頭13日係代表卵泡成長既頭4步，亦都叫卵泡期 (follicular phase)。

The 14 day is the ovulation day, represent the 5th stage of the folliculogenesis, included in the follicular phase.
而第14日就係排卵日，姐係卵泡成長既第5步，依一日都係包落卵泡期。

The remaining days 15-28 represent the 6-7 stages of the folliculogenesis, and it is called the luteal phase.
剩低既第15到28日就係卵泡成長既最後2步，亦都叫做黃體期 (luteal phase)。

Usually, the cycle of the folliculogenesis starts when the menstruation just came. Around the first 5 days are the menstrual period. Before and after the ovulation, there are around 3-5 days are getting called the unsafe period, i.e. around day 10 - 18, because of the physiological changes like the opening of the cervix. The remaining days are safe period.
知道依D就可以開始計啦。通常月經 (menstruation) 岩岩一黎就係一個卵泡成長循環既開始。咁頭5日就係月經期啦。係排卵日前後既3-5日到呢就叫做危險期，所以大概係第9-19日左右，因為排卵期前後會有一D方便懷孕既生理改變，例如子宮頸會打開D。剩低既就係安全期啦，有個口訣係咩「前七後七」。結論黎講就係第1-5日係月經期，第6-8、20-28日係安全期，第9-19日係危險期。
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FF下都好丫

講閪咩！

講撚咩

唔明點解後七日係安全期

可唔可以講下醫學界對M痛嘅認知

竟然仲未介紹最緊要既腦部

Guess what, I'm going to talk about the female reproductive system. Yeah, the vagina.
你知道嗎？我地準備要講女人既生殖器官啦，冇錯就係塊閪啦。

句開場白幾正,睇番英文用vagina好似唔夠傳神,本身期待會唔會用Cunt

lm

打錯左adjective姐

本來我係用pussy
唸唸下都係算數 有d貶義

btw多謝提醒

咁都ban真係冇野好講
只能說 香港人不意外

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冇玩開高登 應該就唔會轉啦