(1)基本既心臟介紹
lihkg.com/thread/649350
(2)基本既肺部介紹
lihkg.com/thread/652225
(3)基本既腎臟介紹
lihkg.com/thread/665504
(4)基本既胃部介紹
lihkg.com/thread/673704
(5)基本既小腸介紹
lihkg.com/thread/685309
(6)基本既大腸介紹
lihkg.com/thread/690908
(7)基本既肝臟介紹
lihkg.com/thread/696439
(8)基本既胰臟介紹
lihkg.com/thread/700041
(9)基本既骨頭介紹
lihkg.com/thread/714062
(10)基本既肌肉介紹
lihkg.com/thread/744825
(11)基本既胸腺介紹
lihkg.com/thread/747138
(12)基本既脾臟介紹
lihkg.com/thread/752658
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歡迎留言 一齊討論 你問我唔一定會答
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Which organ is the biggest in our body? Liver? Brain? No. The answer is the skin, or the integument.
身體最大既器官係咩？肝？腦？其實都唔係。答案係外皮 (integument)。
The integument is like a wall, built by Donald Trump. It acts as a primary defense layer of our body and gives us sensitivities.
外皮就係似身體既城牆，係侵侵起既城牆XD 外皮係身體既第一重防護，令到我地有某d感知。
Would you think that you understand the integument very well? Let's see.
你覺得你知道幾多外皮呢？
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The integument can be divided into two main categories, the skin and the appendages.
基本上啦，外皮可以分做兩個部分：皮膚 (skin) 同埋附件 (appendage)。
The skin, well, it surrounds your whole body, from your head, all the way to your legs.
皮膚基本上將你成個身體，由頭到腳，包起黎。
While the appendages include the hair, the glands and the nails.
附件就包括：毛髮 (hair)、腺 (glands) 同埋指甲 (nail)。
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The skin can be divided into 3 parts, epidermis, dermis and hypodermis. Technically, the hypodermis is not a part of the skin, but it always shows with the skin.
皮膚可以分成3個部分：表皮 (epidermis)、真皮 (dermis) 同埋皮下組織 (hypodermis)。名都有得你叫：「皮下」，照計呢皮下組織就唔係外皮既一部分黎既，不過佢通常都會連住外皮一齊講埋。
The hypodermis mainly composed of adipose tissues.
皮下組織主要由脂肪組織組成。
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The epidermis, is the outermost layer of our body. It consists of 5 stratums (or layers).
表皮就係身體既最外層，基本上可以細分做5層。
They are stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum and stratum corneum. All of them are avascular.
由底到面，分別係基底 (stratum basale)、脊狀層 (stratum spinosum)、顆粒層 (stratum granulosum)、透明層 (stratum lucidum) 同埋角質層 (stratum corneum)。全部都冇血管到 (avascular)。
The stratum basale is the base of the epidermis. It consists of a single layer of stem cells that responsible for the formation of epidermis. These stem cells rapidly duplicate and push upward.
基底係表皮既最底層，由一層負責形成表皮組織既幹細胞組成，依D幹細胞不斷分裂，向表皮推進。
The stratum spinosum consists of mutiple layers. In this layer, the cells duplicated from the basale start to form linkage inbetween each others, mainly by secreting a protein called keratin. This layer is named as spinosum as these linked cells are like a spine.
脊狀層係由多層細胞組成，層內既細胞之間透過分泌角蛋白 (keratin) 形成連結。因為連結埋一齊既細胞好似脊椎，所以依層就有個咁既名啦。
The stratum granulosum also consists of mutiple layers. The cells in this layer start to form keratohyalin granules which include keratin-binding substances. They form cross-linkage inbetween the keratin polymers (or fibres) formed in the spinosum and make the cell layers rigid.
顆粒層都係由多層細胞組成，層內既細胞會製造一D透明既粒粒 (keratohyalin granule)，裡面包含好多可以強化角蛋白連結既物質 (keratin-binding substances)。注意番，依D強化物質並唔係角蛋白，至於係咩你應該唔會想知，又係一堆化學XD。強化物質形成角質 (keratin polymer / fibre) 之間既連結，令細胞層更加堅韌角質層。
The stratum lucidum only exists in the thick skin, like the heel and palm. The prefix 'luci' originated from 'lucidus' means clear, so this layer is also called the clear layer.
透明層只會係厚D既表皮出現，姐係繭，可以唸做係角質層額外既部分。
The stratum corneum contains 5-20 layers of keratinized dead epithelial cells. These cells are constantly replaced by the cells coming from the stratum lucidum or the stratum granulosum. (In case you are confused by the 'keratin and corneum' terminology, corneum is just a name for keratin fibre sticking together by keratin-binding substances.)
角質層係由5-20層角化上皮細胞組成 (keratinized epithelial cell)，而且已經死撚埋。由顆粒層或者透明層黎既細胞不斷咁更新角質層既細胞。
