至於睇尼采以致沙特,同埋現代由維根斯坦開創嘅邏輯分析就大可不必。
失去左哲學嘅精華,一邊係人本主義另一邊就言而無物,初學者只會愈讀愈亂,愈讀愈偏頗。
讀哲學嘅最佳作用並唔係拋一堆常人不能明白嘅字句,而係在於啟迪智慧,自己對呢個世紀有咩睇法。高深者,其言即哲學,低手即拾人牙慧,為左講而講。
西哲並非完美,中哲反而更適合現代人
太多人講 Wittgenstein 只係睇到佢講 logic, language嘅野
Tractatus 其實係一本有 ethical purpose 嘅著作
(當然,我唔建議新手咁快睇 Wittgenstein)
借個位來介紹下 Wittgenstein嘅野
其實好難話 Wittgenstein 係言而無物(係人生哲學上):
1) Wittgenstein 對佢d學生係做人方面,或者倫理思想上,都好有影響
讀下佢 d學生嘅著作,回憶錄就會見到呢一點
例如可以睇Rush Rhees -Some Developments in Wittgenstein’s View of Ethics
入面見到佢同 Wittgenstein 談論嘅道德兩難問題
佢學生 G. E. M. Anscombe 亦都係一個分析哲學界中一個重要嘅道德哲學家
Anscombe 發展嘅係 virtue ethics大概受左 Wittgenstein 影響
(可以參考 Cora Diamond - What if x isn t the number of sheep? Wittgenstein and Thought Experiments in Ethics
入面 Cora Diamond 比較同分析左唔同哲學家對 Thought Experiments 係倫理學上嘅睇法,而 Diamond 本人認為自己嘅睇法係維根斯坦式,而佢嘅睇法同 Anscombe觀點 亦都有相似之處
Diamond本身亦都係 "New Wittgenstein Interpretation"嘅一個提倡者,
佢認為 Wittgenstein 所有觀點都有 ethical purpose [不過我唔多同意

] )
2) 維根斯坦曾經向幫 Tractutus 出版嘅編輯寫信,表明佢本書係有 ethical purpose :
The book’s point is an ethical one. I once meant to include in the preface a sentence which is not in fact there now but which I will write out for you here because it will perhaps be a key to the work for you. What I meant to write, then, was this: My work consists of two parts: the one presented here plus all that I have not written. And it is precisely this second part that is the important one. My book draws limits to the sphere of the ethical from the inside as it were, and I am convinced that this is the ONLY rigorous way of drawing those limits. In short, I believe that where many others today are just gassing, I have managed in my book to put everything firmly into place by being silent about it. And for that reason, unless I am very much mistaken, the book will say a great deal that you yourself want to say. Only perhaps you won’t see that it is said in the book. For now, I would recommend you to read the preface and the conclusion, because they contain the most direct expression of the point of the book.
而 Tractutus個序入面,都提到佢要搵出人類思想嘅極限,而最後佢似乎將 ethics, asethetics 定係思想嘅極限之外。(對於維氏來講,ethics 同美學係十分相似嘅野)
Martin Stokhof - World and Life as One -- Ethics and Ontology in Wittgenstein’s Early Thought 呢本書就同維根斯坦嘅 Notebook, 同 30年代嘅 A lecture in ethics 對讀,分析出維根斯坦同叔本華,佛教對倫理嘅睇法有好多相似之處 (另外,Stokhof好強調 Wittgenstein 反科學主義嘅睇法,
佢認為 Wittgenstein 正正係會反對「現代哲學不得不以科學方式去實證」)
(順帶一提,Wittgenstein後期嘅 On Certainty,提出強調社會一面嘅知識論,亦都係以前嘅哲學家冇講過嘅野,而 Stokhof 認為 Wittgenstein嘅 On Certainty, 同佢反科學主義嘅態度,可以解釋到係科學主義挑戰下,人文思想嘅價值)
(上面提個d 書,文章,你地大概未必搵得到,亦都冇中文版
有性趣可以留個聯絡方法)