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(a) Because CRM is all of the activities, strategies and technologies that companies use to manage their interaction with the current and potential customers. Also CRM helps businesses build a relationship with their customer, which in turn creates loyalty and customer relation. Or in other words we can also say that, Since CRM is all the practices, techniques and technology that companies use to monitor their relationship with current and potential customers. CRM also helps businesses build a customer relationship, which in turn creates customer loyalty and relationship.
(b) Amazon's use of CRM has been influential in the growth of its services. Its dedication to its customers and being a customer centric company led to the invention of Kindle, Amazon Prime Video is also one of the biggest and finest streaming service ever out there in the virtual world.
(c) 24-Hour Fitness is upgraded with Adobe Experience cloud based on Azure as a way to personalize marketing messages to millions of member at once. The system allows the company to connect marketing and sales data to increase customer out reach.
(d) The 3 main benefits of CRM system as used by Amazon are -
(1) Increased Revenue and decreased over head expenses
(2) Marketing and other ancillary strategies optimizations
(3) Improved Customer Satisfaction and increase in overall organization performance
(b) Amazon's use of CRM has been influential in the growth of its services. Its dedication to its customers and being a customer centric company led to the invention of Kindle, Amazon Prime Video is also one of the biggest and finest streaming service ever out there in the virtual world.
(c) 24-Hour Fitness is upgraded with Adobe Experience cloud based on Azure as a way to personalize marketing messages to millions of member at once. The system allows the company to connect marketing and sales data to increase customer out reach.
(d) The 3 main benefits of CRM system as used by Amazon are -
(1) Increased Revenue and decreased over head expenses
(2) Marketing and other ancillary strategies optimizations
(3) Improved Customer Satisfaction and increase in overall organization performance
Part -I
STANDARD DELUXE Total
Sales $450,000 $265,000 $715,000
Variable expenses ($315,000) ($192,000) ($507,000)
Contribution margin $135,000 $73,000 $208,000
Traceable fixed expenses ($30,000) ($52,000) ($82,000)
Segment margin $105,000 $21,000 $126,000
Common fixed expenses ($28,000) ($18,000) ($46,000)
Net Operating profits $77,000 $3,000 $80,000
Break even sales = Contribution Margin/Fixed Costs
(a) Break-even sales in dollars for STANDARD
Contribution Margin = Sales - Variable Costs
= $ 450,000 - $ 315,000
= $ 135,000
Contribution % = (Contribution Margin/Sales)*100
= ($ 135,000/$ 450,000)*100
= 30%
Fixed Costs = $ 30,000
At Break-even Sales Value, Contribution Margin = Fixed Costs
Hence, Contribution Margin = $ 30,000
Contribution % = (Contribution Margin/Sales)*100
30% = ($ 30,000/Sales)*100
Sales = $ 30,000/(30%)
Break-even sales = $ 100,000
(b) Break-even sales in dollars for DELUXE
Contribution Margin = Sales - Variable Costs
= $ 265,000 - $ 192,000
= $ 73,000
Contribution % = (Contribution Margin/Sales)*100
= ($ 73,000/$ 265,000)*100
= 27.55%
Fixed Costs = $ 52,000
At Break-even Sales Value, Contribution Margin = Fixed Costs
Hence, Contribution Margin = $ 52,000
Contribution % = (Contribution Margin/Sales)*100
27.55% = ($ 52,000/Sales)*100
Sales = $ 52,000/(27.55%)
Break-even sales = $ 188,747.731
(c) Break-even sales in dollars for MILLAND CORPORATION
Contribution Margin = Sales - Variable Costs
= $ 715,000 - $ 507,000
= $ 208,000
Contribution % = (Contribution Margin/Sales)*100
= ($ 208,000/$ 715,000)*100
= 29.09%
Fixed Costs = $ 128,000
At Break-even Sales Value, Contribution Margin = Fixed Costs
Hence, Contribution Margin = $ 128,000
Contribution % = (Contribution Margin/Sales)*100
29.09% = ($ 128,000/Sales)*100
Sales = $ 128,000/(29.09%)
Break-even sales = $ 440,113.750
(d) If the company does not make any sales, the sales revenue
and the variable cost would be zero.The calculation of net loss
in such scenario would be as under
MILLARD
CORP
Sales $0
Variable expenses $0
Contribution margin $0
Traceable fixed expenses ($82,000)
Segment margin ($82,000)
Indirect fixed expenses ($46,000)
Net Operating profits/(loss) ($128,000)
Part -II
Item Working Amount
Incremental Sales Revenue for additional units 320 * $ 75 $24,000
Less:
Increase in Variable Cost
on existing units 22000* $ 6 $132,000
Variable Costs for
additional units 320 * $ 42 $13,440
Contribution Margin ($121,440)
Add:
Reduction in Fixed Costs $123,000 $123,000
Incremental Net Operating Profits $1,560
Since, the incremental revenue generated is greater than the net
incremental costs incurred, the scheme should be accepted,even
though the incremental contribution margin is decreased because
there is a greater incremental decrease in fixed costs
Part - III
(a) Assumptions
(i) The fixed costs must be stable
(ii) Change in variable expenses occur because of change in activity
level.
(b) All fixed costs incurred
STANDARD DELUXE Total
Sales $450,000 $265,000 $715,000
Variable expenses ($315,000) ($192,000) ($507,000)
Contribution margin $135,000 $73,000 $208,000
Traceable fixed expenses ($30,000) ($52,000) ($82,000)
Segment margin $105,000 $21,000 $126,000
Common fixed expenses ($28,000) ($18,000) ($46,000)
Net Operating profits $77,000 $3,000 $80,000
Break even sales = Contribution Margin/Fixed Costs
(a) Break-even sales in dollars for STANDARD
Contribution Margin = Sales - Variable Costs
= $ 450,000 - $ 315,000
= $ 135,000
Contribution % = (Contribution Margin/Sales)*100
= ($ 135,000/$ 450,000)*100
= 30%
Fixed Costs = $ 30,000
At Break-even Sales Value, Contribution Margin = Fixed Costs
Hence, Contribution Margin = $ 30,000
Contribution % = (Contribution Margin/Sales)*100
30% = ($ 30,000/Sales)*100
Sales = $ 30,000/(30%)
Break-even sales = $ 100,000
(b) Break-even sales in dollars for DELUXE
Contribution Margin = Sales - Variable Costs
= $ 265,000 - $ 192,000
= $ 73,000
Contribution % = (Contribution Margin/Sales)*100
= ($ 73,000/$ 265,000)*100
= 27.55%
Fixed Costs = $ 52,000
At Break-even Sales Value, Contribution Margin = Fixed Costs
Hence, Contribution Margin = $ 52,000
Contribution % = (Contribution Margin/Sales)*100
27.55% = ($ 52,000/Sales)*100
Sales = $ 52,000/(27.55%)
Break-even sales = $ 188,747.731
(c) Break-even sales in dollars for MILLAND CORPORATION
Contribution Margin = Sales - Variable Costs
= $ 715,000 - $ 507,000
= $ 208,000
Contribution % = (Contribution Margin/Sales)*100
= ($ 208,000/$ 715,000)*100
= 29.09%
Fixed Costs = $ 128,000
At Break-even Sales Value, Contribution Margin = Fixed Costs
Hence, Contribution Margin = $ 128,000
Contribution % = (Contribution Margin/Sales)*100
29.09% = ($ 128,000/Sales)*100
Sales = $ 128,000/(29.09%)
Break-even sales = $ 440,113.750
(d) If the company does not make any sales, the sales revenue
and the variable cost would be zero.The calculation of net loss
in such scenario would be as under
MILLARD
CORP
Sales $0
Variable expenses $0
Contribution margin $0
Traceable fixed expenses ($82,000)
Segment margin ($82,000)
Indirect fixed expenses ($46,000)
Net Operating profits/(loss) ($128,000)
Part -II
Item Working Amount
Incremental Sales Revenue for additional units 320 * $ 75 $24,000
Less:
Increase in Variable Cost
on existing units 22000* $ 6 $132,000
Variable Costs for
additional units 320 * $ 42 $13,440
Contribution Margin ($121,440)
Add:
Reduction in Fixed Costs $123,000 $123,000
Incremental Net Operating Profits $1,560
Since, the incremental revenue generated is greater than the net
incremental costs incurred, the scheme should be accepted,even
though the incremental contribution margin is decreased because
there is a greater incremental decrease in fixed costs
Part - III
(a) Assumptions
(i) The fixed costs must be stable
(ii) Change in variable expenses occur because of change in activity
level.
(b) All fixed costs incurred
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師兄你漏咗
a) Identi Identify the two binding constraints. Hence, find the optimal solution and optimal value of the above linear programming problem.
Plot an isoprofit line as 2X + 3Y =18 on the graph.
Then move it towards the maximization direction (away from the origin). The last point at which it leaves the feasibility region is (4,9).
So, the optimal solution is X = 4; Y = 9 Max. Objective = 2*4+3*9 = 35
The first and the third constraints are taking part in the optimal solution whereas the constraint 3X + Y <= 27 is non-binding.
3X + 2y <= 30 - binding
3X + Y <= 27 - non-binding
2X + 5Y <= 53 - binding
b) Find the slack/surplus associated to the non-binding constraint and state clearly whether it is slack or surplus.
LHS of the non-binding constraint = 3*4 + 9 = 21
RHS = 27
So, there is a slack = 27 - 21 = 6
c) Find the range of optimality of the coefficient of X of the objective function. Hence, find the optimal solution if the coefficient of X is to be increased from 2 to 4.
The two extremes of the slope of the objective line for which (4, 9) is the optimal is when:
The slope is parallel to the 2X + 5Y = 53 line i.e. -2/5
The slope is parallel to the 3X + 2Y = 30 line i.e. -3/2
The slope of the objective line is -C1/C2. Keeping C2 = 3 to be constant,
The limits of the slope can be written as:
-3/2 <= -C1/3 <= -2/5
or, -4.5 <= -C1 <= -1.2
or, 1.2 <= C1 <= 4.5
So, the optimality range for the objective coefficient of X is [1.2, 4.5]
d) Suppose the value of the right-hand side of the Constraint III is increased by 1 (i.e. from 53 to 54). Find the new optimal solution and the dual price for the Constraint III.
The new optimal solution will be found at the intersection of the following two lines:
2X + 5Y = 53+1
3X + 2Y = 30
which is Y = 102/11 and X = 42/11
Objective = 2X + 3Y = 2*42/11 + 3*102/11 = 35.45
The earlier objective value was 35. So, the shadow price = 35.45 - 35 = 0.45
Plot an isoprofit line as 2X + 3Y =18 on the graph.
Then move it towards the maximization direction (away from the origin). The last point at which it leaves the feasibility region is (4,9).
So, the optimal solution is X = 4; Y = 9 Max. Objective = 2*4+3*9 = 35
The first and the third constraints are taking part in the optimal solution whereas the constraint 3X + Y <= 27 is non-binding.
3X + 2y <= 30 - binding
3X + Y <= 27 - non-binding
2X + 5Y <= 53 - binding
b) Find the slack/surplus associated to the non-binding constraint and state clearly whether it is slack or surplus.
LHS of the non-binding constraint = 3*4 + 9 = 21
RHS = 27
So, there is a slack = 27 - 21 = 6
c) Find the range of optimality of the coefficient of X of the objective function. Hence, find the optimal solution if the coefficient of X is to be increased from 2 to 4.
The two extremes of the slope of the objective line for which (4, 9) is the optimal is when:
The slope is parallel to the 2X + 5Y = 53 line i.e. -2/5
The slope is parallel to the 3X + 2Y = 30 line i.e. -3/2
The slope of the objective line is -C1/C2. Keeping C2 = 3 to be constant,
The limits of the slope can be written as:
-3/2 <= -C1/3 <= -2/5
or, -4.5 <= -C1 <= -1.2
or, 1.2 <= C1 <= 4.5
So, the optimality range for the objective coefficient of X is [1.2, 4.5]
d) Suppose the value of the right-hand side of the Constraint III is increased by 1 (i.e. from 53 to 54). Find the new optimal solution and the dual price for the Constraint III.
The new optimal solution will be found at the intersection of the following two lines:
2X + 5Y = 53+1
3X + 2Y = 30
which is Y = 102/11 and X = 42/11
Objective = 2X + 3Y = 2*42/11 + 3*102/11 = 35.45
The earlier objective value was 35. So, the shadow price = 35.45 - 35 = 0.45
sorry 漏咗. random variables, i have exam on that too gg
To take decision between internship and 8,000$ cake shop job ,require a cost and benefit analysis.
Choosing internship cost him 8,000.and give him benefit of future income increment during his whole life due to the internship.because the benefits he will get in future ,we need to convert them into present value and that would be much higher than the 8,000 cost.so the decision would be choosing internship.
But there are other factors that determine the decision.let say he needs immediate money to pay loans or bills or anything.now comes the satisfaction theory.the 8,000 now gives him very more valuable satisfaction than benefits of internship.,so he would likely choose the job.
So the decision would be done on two factor first cost and benefits of the available options and second the current economic requirements and situations.
Labour supply curve is based on certain assumptions .among them one is workers or labours intention is to MAXIMIZE their total money income or wages.given this assumption higher wages means higher labour quantity or labour hours.or in other words labour supply curve is upward positive sloping curve.
When we choose zero wage internship instead of 8,000 cake shop work, basically we are violeting this assumption.in this situation his only intention is not only increase his wage or income also increase his skills so that he can earn more in future and can choose a career and job about which he is passionate.
So yes choosing internship contract with labour supply curve.because it violates the assumption
Choosing internship cost him 8,000.and give him benefit of future income increment during his whole life due to the internship.because the benefits he will get in future ,we need to convert them into present value and that would be much higher than the 8,000 cost.so the decision would be choosing internship.
But there are other factors that determine the decision.let say he needs immediate money to pay loans or bills or anything.now comes the satisfaction theory.the 8,000 now gives him very more valuable satisfaction than benefits of internship.,so he would likely choose the job.
So the decision would be done on two factor first cost and benefits of the available options and second the current economic requirements and situations.
Labour supply curve is based on certain assumptions .among them one is workers or labours intention is to MAXIMIZE their total money income or wages.given this assumption higher wages means higher labour quantity or labour hours.or in other words labour supply curve is upward positive sloping curve.
When we choose zero wage internship instead of 8,000 cake shop work, basically we are violeting this assumption.in this situation his only intention is not only increase his wage or income also increase his skills so that he can earn more in future and can choose a career and job about which he is passionate.
So yes choosing internship contract with labour supply curve.because it violates the assumption
