(1)基本既心臟介紹
lihkg.com/thread/649350
(2)基本既肺部介紹
lihkg.com/thread/652225
(3)基本既腎臟介紹
lihkg.com/thread/665504
(4)基本既胃部介紹
lihkg.com/thread/673704
(5)基本既小腸介紹
lihkg.com/thread/685309
(6)基本既大腸介紹
lihkg.com/thread/690908
(7)基本既肝臟介紹
lihkg.com/thread/696439
建議由第一期開始慢慢睇
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Pancreas is the last digestive organ to talk about.
最後要講既消化器官就係胰臟 (pancreas)。
Pancreas has a special metaphor. It is like a lion, very deadly and powerful. Pancreas is responsible in secretion of pancreatic juice containing powerful enzymes that can even eat its own up to the duodenum. It is also known as an endocrine organs.
胰臟有一個好特別既比喻，d醫生好鍾意叫胰臟肚入面既一隻獅子，因為佢既作用十分之強力，又黃gumgum。胰臟主要係負責分泌胰汁，裡面有強力既酶，由於係蛋白酶，唔好好處理甚至會將自己消化埋。胰臟重有內分泌作用。
So let's look into this powerful organ.
所以呢一齊黎睇下依舊咁勁既器官啦。
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Pancreas has no lobes, it just acts as a whole, but still, sometimes it is better to give some names to certain regions so that it can be better discribed.
胰臟冇葉 (lobe)，佢基本上就係一整舊器官，但有時為左容易d表達一d野，會盡量幫唔同部分改個名。
In this figure, the pancreas is divided into mainly 3 parts, head, body and tail. There are no big physiolological differences in these 3 parts. Keep in mind that the head of the pancreas sticks to the duodenum.
張圖顯示左，胰臟主要可以分為3個部份，分別係頭、身體、尾，三者既係生理作用上冇咩分別。記得一樣野就係頭既部份會貼住條十二指腸。
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In the pancreas, there is a pancreatic duct, which can be futher divided into main pancreatic duct and accessory pancreatic duct.
睇入d，胰臟入面有條胰管 (pancreatic duct)，可以再分做主胰管 (main pancreatic duct) 同輔助胰管 (accessory pancreatic duct)。
The end of the main pancreatic duct is the duodenal major papilla while accessory pancreatic duct ends at duodenal minor papilla.
主胰管盡頭係十二指腸大乳頭，而輔助胰管既盡頭就係十二指腸小乳頭 (duodenal minor papilla)。
The pancreatic duct has branches, called the pancreatic ductule.
胰管又可以再分支，叫胰小管 (pancreatic ductule)。
At the end of the pancreatic ductule, there are some acini. I've talked about the acinus structure in the 'stomach' article, so I won't go into it. This is where the pancreatic enzymes being secreted.
胰小管既盡頭就係腺泡 (acinus)，關於腺泡既介紹可以睇番「基本既胃部介紹」，依邊唔多講。依d腺泡就係用黎分泌胰臟酶既。
There are also some islets floating around, they are responsible for endocrine functions of the pancreas.
胰臟重有胰島 (islet) 係入面飄下飄下咁，佢地係用作內分泌既。
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There are 3 main types of the pancreatic cells, they are ductal cells, acinar cells and islet cells.
胰臟細胞可以分做三種，分別係導管細胞 (ductal cell)、腺泡細胞 (acinar cell) 同埋胰島細胞 (islet cell)。
Ductal cells are the epithelial cells lining on the pancreatic ducts and ductules. They are responsible for the secretion of bicarbonate to the duodenum.
導管細胞係胰管既上皮細胞 (epithelial cell)，組成胰管，佢地重有一個作用係分泌碳酸氫 (bicarbonate)去十二指腸，幫手中和酸性食糜。
Acinar cells are the cells lining on the acini of the pancreas. They are exocrine cells that secrete pancreatic enzymes to the duodenum.
腺泡細胞就係腺泡既組成細胞，廢話。就係胰臟既外分泌細胞，分泌胰臟酶去十二指腸。
Islet cells are cells of the pancreatic islets, obviously. They are endocrine cells that secrete hormones.
胰島細胞，就係胰島入面既細胞，真係廢到冇得再廢d既一句。就係胰臟既內分泌細胞，分泌荷爾蒙 (hormone)。
# Some details in islet cell
There are mainly 3 kinds of islet cells.
(i) alpha cells - glucagon secretion
(ii) beta cells - insulin secretion
(iii) delta cells - somatostatin secretion #
# 識多小小胰島細胞
胰島細胞可以細分做3種
(壹) 阿爾法細胞 - 升糖素 (或者抗胰島素)
(貳) 貝塔細胞 - 降糖素 (或者胰島素)
(參) 德爾塔細胞 - 體抑素 #
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Finally, we've finished the digestive system, and some of the endocrine system. So which organ should I next?
終於基本咁講完個消化系統，加多小小內分泌系統。下一個器官講咩好呢? 🤔
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