(1)基本既心臟介紹
lihkg.com/thread/649350
(2)基本既肺部介紹
lihkg.com/thread/652225
(3)基本既腎臟介紹
lihkg.com/thread/665504
(4)基本既胃部介紹
lihkg.com/thread/673704
(5)基本既小腸介紹
lihkg.com/thread/685309
(6)基本既大腸介紹
lihkg.com/thread/690908
建議由第一期開始慢慢睇
想睇最新目錄請自行起底去最新個post
歡迎留言 一齊討論 你問我唔一定會答
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When we talk about the digestive system, we always think of organs like intestine and stomach. Would anyone shout out 'LIVER' ?
當有人叫你舉一個關於消化系統既器官既時候，你會舉邊一個器官呢? 小腸? 胃? 又有冇人真係會講「肝」呢?
After all the digestion, where are the nutrients go, straightly to the tissue? It turns out that all the nutrients need to go through the liver first, and then goes to the tissue.
當一舊食物完成左成個消化作用，成為左我地要用既營養既時候，係咪就直接通過血管比我地既身體每一個細胞用呢? 睇落好合理，但如果我地食太多或者太少呢? 咁咪GG… 所以呢，我地就需要一個器官去管理我地既營養，依個器官就叫做肝臟 (liver)，所有既營養都要通過肝，下一站先至係身體既每一粒細胞。
Liver is like a storehouse. It acts as a storage room for excess nutrients and secretes bile in terms of digestive functions. But there are way way more functions of our body related to the liver. It is estimated to be around 500. WTF
肝就好似一個糧倉。佢係消化系統主要既作用係儲存多餘營養同埋製造膽汁。不過你要知道，肝除左參與消化之外，重有好多好多好多既作用 (即使係消化系統其實都唔止兩種)，教科書估計有成500幾種，好撚痴線。
Let's look into this fasinating organ~
所以一齊黎見下依舊咁犀非利既肝啦~
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Anatomy first. Liver can be divided into two lobes.
睇左解剖結構先。肝主要可以分做兩個葉 (lobe)。
The right bigger lobe and the left smaller lobe, seperated by falciform ligament.
左邊個葉細D，右邊個葉大D，由鐮狀韌帶 (falciform ligament) 係兩者之間分開。
If we look at the liver from the back, there's more.
睇埋肝既背面，D野多好多。
As the figure shown, there are 5 important components of the liver, they are inferior vena cava, hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein, bile duct and gallbladder.
係張圖到睇到，肝後面有五舊幾特別既零件，分別係下腔靜脈 (inferior vena cava)、肝動脈 (hepatic artery)、肝門靜脈 (hepatic portal vein)、膽管 (bile duct) 同埋膽囊 (gallbladder)。
Inferior vena cava carries oxygen-poor blood from the liver to the heart.
下腔靜脈帶缺氧既血由肝去心臟。
Hepatic artery carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the liver.
肝動脈帶富氧既血由心臟去肝。
Gallbladder stores bile.
膽囊儲存膽汁。
Hepatic portal vein carries nutrient-rich blood from the whole gastrointestinal (GI) tract to the liver.
肝門靜脈將成個胃腸道 (GI tract) 富營養既血帶去肝。肛門? 肝門?
Bile duct carries bile from the liver to the duodenum.
膽管帶膽汁由肝去十二指腸。
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Look into the liver, the basic unit of the liver is called the hepatic lobule.
再睇入D，肝既基本組成部分叫肝小葉 (hepatic lobule)。
Basically, a hepatic lobule is in hexagonal shape (more efficient like the honeycomb).
正常黎講呢，一個肝小葉係呈六邊形既，就好似蜂巢咁。
At half of the vertex, there is a portal triad, containing hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery and bile duct.
係每一個肝小葉一半以上既頂 (vertex) 到，都有門三管 (portal triad)，而三管分別就係肝門靜脈、肝動脈同埋膽管。
Oxygen-nutrient-rich blood floats out from the hepatic portal vein and the hepatic artery into central vein and finally goes to the inferior vena cava.
肝門靜脈富營養既血，加埋肝動脈既富氧既血，混合埋一齊入流向中央靜脈 (central vein) 集合，再去下腔靜脈。
During the delivery, the blood goes through sinusoid capillaries, nutrients and oxygen diffuse into the hepatocytes.
當血由門三管流向中央靜脈既時候呢，會經過d竇狀毛細血管 (sinusoid capillary)，至於咩係竇狀毛細血管，有機會再講啦，總之係一種毛細血管，依D竇狀毛細血管附近有好多肝細胞 (hepatocyte)，氧同營養都會由竇狀毛細血管滲透入去肝細胞。
Bile secreted by the hepatocytes goes into the bile duct.
而肝細胞就會製造膽汁，流入膽管，依個就係外分泌作用 (exocrine)。
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