A Citizenship and Immigration Canada (now IRCC) 2012 publication: “Who drives a Taxi in Canada” by Li Xiu supplements this harsh reality with statistics and bar charts, narrowing down to the specificities. “Immigrants from India, Pakistan, Lebanon, Haiti and Iran were significantly overrepresented among immigrant taxi drivers. Among 1,525 taxi drivers with Master’s degrees, 25.3 per cent had degrees from India. Among 255 PhD and MD taxi drivers, 70.6 per cent were foreign trained, of which 19.4 per cent had degrees from India.”