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The PJM Interconnection capacity auction is a process where power generators, demand response providers, and energy storage suppliers bid to supply electric capacity to the PJM power grid, which serves 13 states and the District of Columbia in the U.S. This auction ensures that enough power generation resources will be available to meet future electricity demand, particularly during peak usage periods like hot summer days or cold winter nights.
Here’s a breakdown of how the auction works:
1. Purpose of the Capacity Auction
The capacity auction is designed to secure commitments from electricity suppliers (like power plants) to provide enough capacity to meet anticipated future demand, ensuring grid reliability.
Winning bidders in the auction commit to being available to supply power during a specified future period, typically three years out, to provide a buffer for grid reliability and planning.
2. Auction Mechanics
PJM conducts its capacity auctions using a descending clock auction format, where the price starts high and decreases until enough resources bid in to meet the anticipated demand.
Power providers submit bids based on the cost of keeping their resources available, such as maintaining plants or storage facilities. PJM accepts the lowest bids until it reaches the total capacity needed for the specified period.
3. Capacity Payments
Winning bidders receive capacity payments from PJM for keeping their resources available, even if the full capacity is not used. This payment is in addition to any revenue they earn from actually generating electricity.
This payment structure incentivizes plants to stay operational and meet availability requirements, even if they only generate during peak demand.
4. Demand Response and Energy Storage
Alongside traditional power generators, demand response providers (who agree to reduce power consumption during high-demand periods) and energy storage providers also participate in the auction. This allows PJM to reduce demand or draw on stored energy when generation is stretched thin, enhancing grid flexibility.
5. Revenue and Market Signals
The auction also provides market signals, helping inform investment decisions for new capacity, such as new gas turbines, renewable installations, or energy storage.
Auction clearing prices can fluctuate based on supply and demand factors. For example, if the capacity is tight, prices may be higher, attracting new investment. If there is excess capacity, prices are lower.
Key Benefits of the PJM Capacity Auction:
Grid Reliability: Ensures enough power is available to meet peak demands.
Investment Signal: Provides signals for future investment in generation, storage, and demand response.
Cost-Effectiveness: Allows PJM to procure capacity in a competitive market, theoretically keeping costs lower than a non-market approach.
The PJM capacity auction is one of the largest of its kind in the world and a key element of the region's power market, influencing both short- and long-term planning for energy companies in the PJM territory.
Here’s a breakdown of how the auction works:
1. Purpose of the Capacity Auction
The capacity auction is designed to secure commitments from electricity suppliers (like power plants) to provide enough capacity to meet anticipated future demand, ensuring grid reliability.
Winning bidders in the auction commit to being available to supply power during a specified future period, typically three years out, to provide a buffer for grid reliability and planning.
2. Auction Mechanics
PJM conducts its capacity auctions using a descending clock auction format, where the price starts high and decreases until enough resources bid in to meet the anticipated demand.
Power providers submit bids based on the cost of keeping their resources available, such as maintaining plants or storage facilities. PJM accepts the lowest bids until it reaches the total capacity needed for the specified period.
3. Capacity Payments
Winning bidders receive capacity payments from PJM for keeping their resources available, even if the full capacity is not used. This payment is in addition to any revenue they earn from actually generating electricity.
This payment structure incentivizes plants to stay operational and meet availability requirements, even if they only generate during peak demand.
4. Demand Response and Energy Storage
Alongside traditional power generators, demand response providers (who agree to reduce power consumption during high-demand periods) and energy storage providers also participate in the auction. This allows PJM to reduce demand or draw on stored energy when generation is stretched thin, enhancing grid flexibility.
5. Revenue and Market Signals
The auction also provides market signals, helping inform investment decisions for new capacity, such as new gas turbines, renewable installations, or energy storage.
Auction clearing prices can fluctuate based on supply and demand factors. For example, if the capacity is tight, prices may be higher, attracting new investment. If there is excess capacity, prices are lower.
Key Benefits of the PJM Capacity Auction:
Grid Reliability: Ensures enough power is available to meet peak demands.
Investment Signal: Provides signals for future investment in generation, storage, and demand response.
Cost-Effectiveness: Allows PJM to procure capacity in a competitive market, theoretically keeping costs lower than a non-market approach.
The PJM capacity auction is one of the largest of its kind in the world and a key element of the region's power market, influencing both short- and long-term planning for energy companies in the PJM territory.
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