4月25號,ANZAC Day 澳紐軍團紀念日

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2024-04-24 22:07:46
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//From the entry for David Loie in the BAAG Personnel Register, Ride Collection.

Nationality British (New Zealand-born Chinese), born New Zealand date unknown, Analytical chemist, BAAG September 42 - October 43.

“Loie was employed in the Government Laboratories in Hongkong and during hostilities was a member of the Hongkong Police Reserve. After the surrender he was compelled to continue his work in the Government Laboratories, but at the same time, he organised a group of workers from amongst the Police reserve and immediately offered their services to the BAAG. Having access to all the work in his department, he was able to pass on most accurate and valuable information concerning the economic position of the Japanese in Hongkong. In 1943, his group was betrayed and he was arrested, tortured unmercifully and executed. While alive, his work was of the utmost value and the whole scheme was organised and planned by him, and his conduct in prison proved him to be a man of most outstanding courage and loyalty.” (signed) L T Ride, Colonel. 1945.

Wife: Lau Tak Oi, executed 29th September 1943.//

https://www.arcgis.com/apps/Cascade/index.html?appid=271ca27a3bdb4fed8c7381953ab7d146
//日軍反間諜行動
1943年春,日本憲兵隊展開行動,打擊地下抵抗活動。是年3月,位於沙頭角的中共據點遭到突襲,而國軍特務人員的秘密基地亦遭破獲。

日軍亦曾以運送金錢到赤柱拘留營為名,拘捕司徒永覺醫生;及後又因此案拘捕數名銀行家及醫護人員。日軍懷疑司徒永覺是英軍在港情報系統的首領;被捕者還包括匯豐銀行大班祈禮賓,他最終因為遭受酷刑及營養不良,在赤柱監獄離世。


1943年4月,日本憲兵隊又成功滲透英軍服務團及戰俘營之間的聯繫網絡。是時,印度獨立聯盟成員冒充印軍軍官安沙里上尉,誘使英軍服務團情報人員暴露身份,並使安沙里因此被捕。砵蘭街的Z站亦被日軍破獲。同年5月,「C組」有成員背叛,數名人員被捕,當中包括一名貨車司機,他一直負責為戰俘送遞訊息。

7月1日,日軍又逼令一名和英軍服務團合作的司機在亞皆老街戰俘營向戰俘傳遞假訊息。日軍計謀得逞以後,亞皆老街及深水埗戰俘營內官兵數人被捕。7月10日,紐臨上校被捕。

同日被日本憲兵隊拘捕者,還包括霍德上尉、皇家空軍的加利中尉,以及身處深水埗戰俘營的皇家加拿大通訊軍團萊歷治中士。至此,戰俘營地下抵抗活動的中堅份子大多被捕。

日軍亦破獲了英軍服務團的情報網。1943年4月,日軍登上在澳門的西安號輪船,在船上發現文件,記載了英軍服務團其中一個情報組的資料。日軍由此得知英軍服務團在香港擁有情報網。憲兵隊旋即在市內搜捕英軍服務團人員,並在5月31日拘捕「M組」首領雷福榮;他隨即自殺,以免被迫供出他人。

結果,華洋軍民被捕者超過二百人,其中約四十人遭處決,包括紐臨、霍德,以及加利,英軍服務團情報人員包括George Kotewall、劉德愛(雷福榮伴侶)、劉德光(劉德愛兄弟)、李林(戰俘營司機)、曾德、曾耀生兄弟(情報員,其父曾協助與啟德機場的戰俘聯絡)、楊守德(自日本海軍工作部竊取圖則)等。


其餘被捕者則遭受酷刑及囚禁,直至日本投降為止。莫德庇少將曾要求日軍釋放他的官兵,但最終與其他高級戰俘被送到台灣囚禁。//

雷福榮獲追頒英皇警察勳章King's Police Medal
https://gwulo.com/hong-kong-gallantry-awards
King's Police Medal for Gallantry (KPM)
Timothy Murphy (1923)
Kenneth Andrew (1928)
Roland Henry John Brooks (1947)
David Loie Fook-wing (1947)
Duncan George MacPherson (1947)
Harold Tiplady (1949)
Wong Wai Tsoi (1949)
Li Fu (1949)
Chiu Ho-ching (1949)
2024-04-24 22:08:44
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(English text below)【戰爭與人】每年4月25日是澳紐軍團日,何天正先生為此撰寫了一個澳洲華人士兵在香港的戰爭經歷。

阮布仕於1916年11月5日出生在澳洲珀斯,父親為廣東中山人,母親為英國移民。他是靄培家族六子女中的次子。靄培家族為珀斯知名的澳洲華人家族,父親阮靄培是一位家具製造商。他是中華會館的創辦成員之一,也是國民黨西澳普扶支部委員,直至1933年。隨著戰爭的來臨,靄培夫婦鼓勵子女參加反法西斯戰爭。當時,布仕和姐妹身在香港,並在北角太古船塢任職機械維修工。他於1940年8月2日加入香港義勇防衛軍。

香港戰役期間,布仕為防衛軍第5高射砲連的砲手,駐守西灣砲台。他雖然在西灣砲台的屠殺中僥倖逃脫,但後來被俘獲,並被迫與其它華人和混血兒戰俘處理在赤柱的盟軍遺體,之後被押進深水埗戰俘營。他與其他華人和部份混血兒戰俘於1942年9月獲釋,期間在翟保田醫生的手巾上簽名。

基於布仕的機械技術,他被迫為日軍工作,負責維修燈塔。他其後成功逃出香港抵達桂林,並前往雲南呈貢機場為美國陸軍第14航空隊工作,成為機械師。他也為英軍服務團提供日軍在香港的建築情報,包括他曾維修的燈塔位置。在1945年,他在印度繼續為美軍工作,任職機械工程師助理和機械師。

戰後,布仕返回珀斯擔任X光機維修員,也在中華會館擔任義工。他退休後開了一間農場,種植蔬菜水果及飼養牲畜。布仕也多次返回中山拜祖先和探望親朋戚友。在2007年,西澳政府將珀斯的一條街道名為「靄培街」,表彰靄培家族在二戰時的貢獻。布仕於2015年10月25日逝世,是參與香港戰役的少量澳洲華人。

參考資料由阮瑜珍女士、范斯女士、西澳中華會館和香港中山社團總會提供,特此鳴謝。

[Faces of War] Bruce Harry Arnold Hoy Poy was born on 5th November, 1916 in Perth, Australia. His father was a Chinese from Zhongshan and his mother was a British immigrant. He was the second eldest son of six children. The Hoy Poy family was an established Australian Chinese family in Perth, with the father Yuen Hoy Poy being an esteemed furniture maker, a founder of the Chung Wah Association, and a member of the Chinese Nationalist Party’s Western Australian General Support Branch until 1933. With war approaching, the parents encouraged Bruce and his siblings to join the fight against fascism. In 1940, Bruce was living in Hong Kong with his sisters, and was a maintenance worker at the Taikoo Dockyard, before enlisting in the Hong Kong Volunteer Defence Corps (HKVDC) on 2nd August.

During the Battle of Hong Kong, he was a Gunner of the HKVDC 5th (AA) Battery at the Sai Wan Hill Battery. He fortunately escaped the Sai Wan Hill massacre but was later captured. Between 25th December to 1st January, 1942, Bruce, along with other Chinese and Eurasian POWs, were forced to dispose the bodies of dead Allied soldiers at Stanley, and was later interned at the Sham Shui Po POW Camp. Bruce was released with other Chinese POWs in mid-September 1942, and signed his name on Dr. Chak Po Tin’s handkerchief.

Due to his aptitude in mechanics, Bruce was soon forced to work for the Japanese, repairing coastal lighthouses. He eventually escaped to Free China and arrived at Guilin. Soon after, he went to the Chengkung Airfield at Yunnan, working as a maintenance engineer for the United States Fourteenth Air Force (14 AF). Bruce also provided the British Army Aid Group (BAAG) knowledge on Japanese works in Hong Kong, particularly the coastal lighthouses he worked at. By 1945, he was in India working as an assistant engineer and machinist for the USAAF.

After the war, Bruce returned to Perth, worked as an X-ray technician, and volunteered in the Chung Wah Association. He opened a farm after retirement, planting fruits and vegetables and keeping livestock. Bruce would often visit Zhongshan to pay respects to his ancestors and visit family and friends. In 2007, the Western Australian Government named a street in Perth “Hoy Poy Street”, in recognition of the Hoy Poy family’s war efforts. Bruce passed away on 25th October, 2015. He was one of the few Australian Chinese who participated in the Battle of Hong Kong.

We thank Yuen Yu Chin, Frances Blampey (Hoy Poy), the Chung Wah Association, and the Federation of Hong Kong Zhong Shan Community Organisations Limited for contributing to this post’s research.

#香港歷史 #香港淪陷 #三年零八個月 #英軍服務團 #日佔時期 #日據時期 #香港戰役 #澳紐軍團日 #BAAG #Hongkonghistory #1941battleofhongkong #battleofhongkong #ANZACday #ANZAC #14USAAF #CBI
2024-04-24 22:14:50
2024-04-24 22:17:27
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香港義勇防衛軍澳紐連隊(Anzac Company, HKVDC)

香港義勇防衛軍由本地華洋人士組成,戰前更以不同族裔編成連隊,在港澳紐人士亦不例外,曾在1930年代短暫有專屬連隊。

1932 年 4 月25日澳紐軍團日,一眾澳紐人士到香港酒店晚宴。席間,早上在中環和平紀念碑儀式獻花圈的羅拔臣(Cameron Desailly Robertson)呼籲在香港義勇防衛軍下組建澳紐連隊。

這位慷慨陳詞的羅拔臣,是一戰退伍軍人。根據紀錄,他在1914年8月17日以19歲之齡入伍澳軍(Australian Imperial Force),入伍前從事賣書。1915年4月,羅拔臣參與過加里波利之戰的登陸,戰爭結束時隸屬澳軍第4師第 4 先鋒營(Pioneer Battalion ),軍階為中士(Corporal)。先鋒營是澳軍投入西線戰場新編的部隊,兼具了工兵及步兵角色。羅拔臣後來因為1916年12月在法國戰場的英勇表現獲頒軍功獎章(Military Medal)。1919年羅拔臣退役,在 20 年代來到香港,從事過酒店業及啤酒釀酒業。

1932年4月,澳紐連隊隨即成立,羅拔臣更在5月9日由二等兵(Private)晉升為中尉,出任連長。澳紐連隊獲准配戴寬邊軟帽(Slouch Hat),以維克斯機關槍作為武器,屬於機關槍連。以當時防衛軍司令官的說話,因為那是「1915年加里波利之戰所用的武器。」


圖中最左為羅拔臣(Cameron Desailly Robertson)。(圖:1954年皇家香港防衛軍年刊)


圖:香港義勇防衛軍澳紐連隊(Anzac Company, HKVDC)(相片來源:Gwulo.com

成立首年,澳紐連隊就贏得機關槍盃,更派出軍官擔任防衛軍軍旗手及護旗士官。很可惜,由於參加者不足,澳紐連隊於1935年解散,但澳紐裔防衛軍繼續在不同單位服役。以1941年12月開戰計算,澳紐連隊前隊員的足跡遍及軍團總部、第3步兵連(包括連軍需士官E. C. Fincher)、第1炮兵連等。事隔幾年,第3連已經主要由歐亞混血兒組成。

香港義勇防衛軍中另外還有不少在港澳紐人士,例如戰後成為防衛軍司令官的戰地救護隊指揮官賴廉士中校(Lt Col Lindsay Tasman Ride),就是生於澳洲維多利亞州。香港保衛戰的正規軍中,我們在《香港保衛戰紀》專題介紹過的皇家後勤兵團(Royal Army Service Corps)杜華上尉(Captain Arthur John Dewar),則是來自西澳州珀斯的斯旺本(Swanbourne)。



首任連長、支薪組、軍旗

至於首任澳紐連隊連長羅拔臣中尉,他在1937年晉升上尉。1938年,他出任支薪組指揮官(OC, Pay Detachment),戰前在此崗位再晉升少校。支薪組雖然較鮮為人知,但其成員曾經肩負起守護軍旗的最後任務。

1941年12月18日日軍登陸港島後,香港義勇防衛軍總部需要搬到山頂,羅拔臣的部下薛力尼中尉(Lt Ralph James Shrigley)就奉命將兩面防衛軍軍旗埋藏在防衛軍總部旁聖約翰操場的泥土裏,以防被日軍擄獲。1944年,薛力尼中尉被日軍盤問期間,從二樓窗口墜地喪生,到底是被拋下樓還是拼命逃出,今日已無從稽考。

1956年6月美國領事館建築工程期間(工程包括前聖約翰操場部份地段),有工人發現了軍旗的殘餘部份-王冠及獅子旗頂及軍旗的中央圓型刺繡部份,消息被防衛軍知悉。1958年的周年檢閱中,72位老兵持着軍旗的殘餘部份參與會操,其後殘餘部份就收藏在聖約翰座堂。


圖:薛力尼中尉(相片來源:Gwulo.com
香港義勇軍軍旗-傳統與情義傳承


時至今日,不少前皇家香港軍團(義勇軍)成員定居澳洲,包括101歲香港保衛戰老兵Robert Lapsley。在澳紐軍團日巡遊,他們時有亮相。而這篇介紹中的不少資料,正正來自防衛軍年刊及香港義勇軍新南威爾士分會。


2023年澳紐軍團日悉尼巡遊中的皇家香港軍團(義勇軍)代表。

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2024-04-25 00:45:01
巴打知唔知香港保衛戰最後一位老兵仲係咪健在?
2024-04-25 00:45:15
Lest we forget
2024-04-26 03:47:49
2024-04-28 20:54:06
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【人物故事】每年4月25日是澳紐軍團日,紀念戰爭中犧牲的澳紐軍民。在香港戰役期間,亦有個別來自澳紐的英軍官兵參戰,其中包括皇家後勤團的德禾少校。他在香港戰役期間參與了不少重要行動,特別是守軍自九龍撤退以及戰役最後階段小香港彈藥庫附近的戰鬥。戰鬥結束後,曾有回憶史料指他不願投降,要脅炸毀軍火庫同歸於盡。可是,他自己在戰鬥紀錄中則只輕描淡寫地提到他和彈藥庫在晚上約8時因收到附近加軍通知而投降。他們是守軍中最後有組織投降的部份。淪陷期間他成為戰俘,戰後繼續在英軍中服役,1955年退役後回到澳洲,並於1967年逝世。他在香港戰役中的表現使他獲得傑出服務勳章。今日,圖中的小香港彈藥庫則成為酒窖(照片由日軍於1942年初拍攝)。

[Faces of War] Every year on April 25 is ANZAC Day, commemorating the Australian and New Zealand service personnel who sacrificed their lives in war. During the Battle of Hong Kong, there were also some individual ANZAC who participated, including Major Arthur Dewar of the Royal Army Service Corps. He took part in many important operations during the battle, especially the retreat of the Mainland Brigade from Kowloon and the fighting near the Little Hong Kong ordnance depot near Shouson Hill during the final phase of the Battle. After the cessation of hostilities, some sources indicated that he refused to surrender and threatened to blow up the arsenal. However, in his own battle report, he only mentioned that he surrendered around 2000 on 25 December 1941 after being informed by the Canadian troops nearby, among the last organized surrenders of the garrison. Dewar survived captivity and continued to serve in the British Army. After retiring in 1955, he returned to Australia and passed away in 1967. He was awarded a DSO for his part during the Battle of Hong Kong. Today, the Little Hong Kong ordnance depot has become a wine cellar.

#ANZAC #anzacday2024 #wwii #hongkong #hongkonghistory #bohk1941 #battleofhongkong #digitalexperience #digitalhumanities #builtheritage #pillbox #香港戰役 #香港保衛戰 #太平洋戰爭 #第二次世界大戰 #抗日戰爭 #建築歷史 #軍事遺跡
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