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https://www.verywellhealth.com/how-can-a-night-owl-sleep-better-4173000
"Night owls may simply be in the habit of staying up late. Others may have a condition called delayed sleep phase disorder (DSPD)1 that places them at increased risk of adverse health consequences and a diminished quality of life."
"What Is DSPD?
To better understand DSPD, also known as delayed sleep-wake phase disorder, it helps to understand a process that contributes to normal sleep, called the circadian rhythm.
The circadian rhythm synchronizes processes within the body—including the propensity for sleep and wakefulness.2 Being a chronic night owl is considered a circadian rhythm disorder insofar as there is a delay in the timing of sleep compared to when darkness occurs.
By definition, DSPD occurs when a person falls asleep two to three hours (or more) later than the average person.1 This often means falling asleep after midnight and sometimes closer to 1:00 a.m. to 2:00 a.m. In some cases, it can be delayed even further.3
Besides falling asleep later, people with DSPD will typically get a "second wind" of productivity late in the evening and have difficulty getting up in the morning.4"
"Symptoms
The sleep needs of a night owl are no different than anyone else, and they will often develop sleep deprivation if they don't get the 7 to 8 hours of sleep recommended for most adults and the 7 to 9 hours recommended for teens.5
To compensate, some night owls may sleep well into the early afternoon. Even so, the risk of sleep deprivation is high as lost hours of sleep accumulate and lead to a sleep debt (also known as a sleep deficit). This is when the symptoms of DSPD become most apparent.5
Symptoms of DSPD include:6
Insomnia
Daytime sleepiness
Mood swings
Irritability
Poor concentration
In extreme cases, increased pain sensitivity and hallucinations may occur."
"Causes
DSPD is thought to affect up to 9% of the population. It often starts in the teen years and may persist throughout a person's life.1
Some studies suggest that night owls may have a genetic tendency toward DSPD. This is evidence in part by the fact that DSPD often runs in families.10
Early studies suggest that families with DPSD carry a mutation of the CRY1 gene that helps regulate the circadian rhythm.11
Others believe that DPSD is a combination of genetic, lifestyle, and psychological factors. Anxiety and depression, for example, can promote insomnia, while the sleep behavior of parents are often passed down to the kids.12"
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325479#Circadian-rhythms-and-chronotypes
"As Dr. Roberto Manfredini — an expert in chronobiology and cardiovascular medicine from the University of Ferrara in Italy — and colleagues explain, “[t]he daily time-keeping system is called ‘circadian’ from the Latin ‘circa diem,’ which means ‘approximately a day,’ deriving from duration of a cycle of earth rotation.”
However, not everyone’s circadian rhythms coincide. Some people feel the most refreshed early in the morning, but feel like they’re falling asleep by 9:00 p.m., and people who are most active in the evenings and have trouble waking up in the morning"
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