As highlighted here, the neurotropic vitamins B1, B6, and B12 have different neurospecific functions in the nervous system. They are all important for the maintenance of normal neurological functions due to different biochemical modes of action, especially as coenzymes but also beyond,1, 3 and can effectively be used in combination for the treatment of PN in humans.
In summary, vitamin B1 is particularly needed as a cofactor in glucose metabolism and thereby indirectly supports the synthesis of nucleic acids, neurotransmitters, myelin, etc by providing energy for these processes. In addition, it is assumed to contribute to antioxidative mechanisms.24, 26 Vitamin B6, most importantly, functions as a coenzyme in the synthesis of neurotransmitters needed for synaptic transmission (eg, dopamine, serotonin, GABA) and holds a neuroprotective role based on its importance for the glutamatergic system.3, 5, 36 With regard to neuropathy, the main role of vitamin B12 is attributed to the synthesis of myelin, which allows for the regeneration of peripheral nerves.
Taking into account the current knowledge on the neurotropic vitamins B1, B6, and B12, we conclude that they form a biochemical synergy in many different pathways in the nervous system, particularly in the PNS as exemplified by their combined use in the treatment of PN. It is important to start considering B vitamins in future clinical studies as a therapeutic and neuroprotective approach for both peripheral neuropathies and several brain disorders.
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