All experimental procedures were performed according to local ethics guidelines on animal welfare and permits which can be summarized as reducing the number of animals used and minimizing animal suffering. Thus, we selected male individuals as the recipients in surgical training, and the number of animals used has been reduced by 60. All manipulations were performed under anesthesia and none of the rats exhibited signs of pain during the course of the experiment. All surgical protocols were designed according to previous reports (4–7, 13, 14, 16–21, 27), and caesarean section was performed to avoid labor pain.
冇事!