8月空氣瀏海IRENE美瘋了
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層主幾q
唔知要prepare 幾耐
Why did previous species of Homo genus not able to leave Africa?
1. Intelligence
They are less intelligent so they cant cope/adapt quick enough to a changing environment.
2. Energetics
They are not energetically efficient. They dont have enough energy to travel such long distance.
3. Habitat
The environment isnt favorable. For example, arid environment such as Saharah Desert, Arabic Desert, doesnt allow them to leave Africa.
1. Intelligence
They are less intelligent so they cant cope/adapt quick enough to a changing environment.
2. Energetics
They are not energetically efficient. They dont have enough energy to travel such long distance.
3. Habitat
The environment isnt favorable. For example, arid environment such as Saharah Desert, Arabic Desert, doesnt allow them to leave Africa.
1. Homo erectus was the first homo genus species to leave Africa.
Splitters:
Different species unless there is convincing reason to unite them.
Lumpers:
Same species unless there is convincing reason to divide them.
Human has better anatomy and behaviour than Neanderthals.
Neanderthals:
Male and female did everything together.
Modern human:
Males hunted, females gathered.
Neanderthals are inefficient.
Splitters:
Different species unless there is convincing reason to unite them.
Lumpers:
Same species unless there is convincing reason to divide them.
Human has better anatomy and behaviour than Neanderthals.
Neanderthals:
Male and female did everything together.
Modern human:
Males hunted, females gathered.
Neanderthals are inefficient.
係咪有兩句調轉左 
which one ah
which one ah1. Homo erectus was the first homo genus species to leave Africa.係咪有兩句調轉左
Splitters:
Different species unless there is convincing reason to unite them.
Lumpers:
Same species unless there is convincing reason to divide them.
Human has better anatomy and behaviour than Neanderthals.
Neanderthals:
Male and female did everything together.
Modern human:
Males hunted, females gathered.
Neanderthals are inefficient.
Crop:
- it gathers the food before digestion really starts
- it is an expanded and muscular pouch
- it temporaily stores food
- i can produce milk to feed newly hatched birds
- it is part of digestive tract
Cloacal:
- birds mate using cloacal kiss which is touching their cloacal together
- it has enough time for sperm to be transferred from male to female
- the posterior orifice that serves the only opening for the digestive, reproductive and urinary tracts.
- it gathers the food before digestion really starts
- it is an expanded and muscular pouch
- it temporaily stores food
- i can produce milk to feed newly hatched birds
- it is part of digestive tract
Cloacal:
- birds mate using cloacal kiss which is touching their cloacal together
- it has enough time for sperm to be transferred from male to female
- the posterior orifice that serves the only opening for the digestive, reproductive and urinary tracts.
本書咁寫啊
Lekking behaviour:
Males gather to engage a competitve displays. They fight each other in order to attract females.
Courtship feeding:
- the male bird offers food to his mate
- it occurs during egg formation, laying and incubation
- it can provide a valuable source of nutrients for females
Sperm competition:
The sperm will be stored by females in the sperm-storage tubules for 7-14 days.
Males gather to engage a competitve displays. They fight each other in order to attract females.
Courtship feeding:
- the male bird offers food to his mate
- it occurs during egg formation, laying and incubation
- it can provide a valuable source of nutrients for females
Sperm competition:
The sperm will be stored by females in the sperm-storage tubules for 7-14 days.
我sperm competition Irene
Egg formation:
Sperm fertilises ovum in the infundibulum.
The ovum passes down the tract receiving layers of albumen in process called "plumping".
Plumped egg calcified in uterus or shell gland.
Eggs laid normally once every 24 hours.
Breeding cycle:
1. Recuitment
2. Egg laying
3. Incubation
4. Chick rearing
5. Fledging
Sperm fertilises ovum in the infundibulum.
The ovum passes down the tract receiving layers of albumen in process called "plumping".
Plumped egg calcified in uterus or shell gland.
Eggs laid normally once every 24 hours.
Breeding cycle:
1. Recuitment
2. Egg laying
3. Incubation
4. Chick rearing
5. Fledging
she has choices
fku
fku
想同我比賽?
Social mating systems
1. Monogamy: 1 male n 1 female
2. Polygyny: 1 male n 1+ females
3. Polyandry: 1 female n 1+ males
Social bonds are not sexual bonds. <85% of them are sexually polygamous.
Sexual mating systems
1. Extra-pair copulation:
1 female with 1+ male other than social mate
2. Intraspecific brood parasitism:
females lay eggs in another pair's nest
3. Rapid mate switching:
female laying eggs fertilised by previous social male
1. Monogamy: 1 male n 1 female
2. Polygyny: 1 male n 1+ females
3. Polyandry: 1 female n 1+ males
Social bonds are not sexual bonds. <85% of them are sexually polygamous.
Sexual mating systems
1. Extra-pair copulation:
1 female with 1+ male other than social mate
2. Intraspecific brood parasitism:
females lay eggs in another pair's nest
3. Rapid mate switching:
female laying eggs fertilised by previous social male
no need
she has my baby already
she has my baby already
real?
secret
3. Rapid mate switching:
Irene laying eggs fertilised by previous social male(me)
Irene laying eggs fertilised by previous social male(me)
reported
jealous?
Brood parasitism:
Female brood parasite watches the host nest constantly so she can lay eggs when the hosts not there.
She needs to match the reproductive state to the host female if she has to ovulate coincidentally.
The eggs must have smilar shape, size and colour to the host's if she has to avoid being detected.
The eggs have to be hard-shelled in order to avoid breakage during swift laying.
Female brood parasite watches the host nest constantly so she can lay eggs when the hosts not there.
She needs to match the reproductive state to the host female if she has to ovulate coincidentally.
The eggs must have smilar shape, size and colour to the host's if she has to avoid being detected.
The eggs have to be hard-shelled in order to avoid breakage during swift laying.