9 吹。加息影響經濟無人買佢products, risk of insolvency increased due to increased interest payment, more tax shield benefit, 會考慮用internal financing, 要用hedging instrument (forward/future contract, interest rate swap)。
Impact to bondholder - market value of existing bonds will decrease (downward sloping yield curve)
Impact to shareholders - need increased return due to increased insolvency return. May need higher dividends to incentivize them to carry on to invest in equity (otherwise switch to debt investment)